Proposal assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal - Assignment Example Visit to the industrial site will enable the students to understand and observe practically what is taught in their engineering class. Practical is part of the work that the students should observe after class work for better understanding of what was taught. Trips to different industrial sites are part learning for those pursuing engineering courses. Since the institution does not own the industrial site, the students are forced to travel outside the institution and visit one of the industrial sites for them to learn. When the students complete their studies, they will be employed in the industrial sites, which is necessary for them to understand practically the processes taking place in the industrial sites. It will be disadvantageous for the students who will be employed in various industrial sites without any practical knowledge of the processes taking place in the site. Field trips or a visit to industrials sites is part of learning. The industrial site will be constructed at the University. Construction will start immediately after the responsible officials in the institution have approved the proposal. It is important for the learning institution to have one of the industrial sites in the compound to be used by the engineering students during their practical. It will be convenient and cheaper to the institution as compared to travelling or visiting industrial sites outside the institution. It is because the institution will spend more funds to organize for the trip and even the charges required to be allowed to visit different places in the industrial site. When the institution constructs one of the industrial sites in the compound, it will be expensive to initiate but they will spend once during construction. The subsequent years will be only repairs, which will be cheaper. Availability of the industrial site in the institution will save time for the students and lecturers. It is because

Police High Speed Pursuits and Responses Research Paper

Police High Speed Pursuits and Responses - Research Paper Example 3). Latest court rulings, including a United States Supreme Court ruling given five years back, put off it to the enforcing officer to take the decision in high speed pursuits. As a plaintiff’s responsibility of providing evidence may be higher, such cases still carry the risk. It proves the need of a well established policy over police pursuit. A well written high-speed pursuit policy stipulates guidelines explaining what elements are critical and what are ignorable. Rules are given in written form in pursuit policies to help chasing officers to organize or quit the chase by adhering to the rules (AMIC 2-3). Recurrent fatalities in road accidents from police vehicles form the biggest single entity of deaths resulting from police action, thus, a major number of cases are referred to the IPCC in the UK. Although there has been much discussion among the surrounding communities and the police over chase incidents but level of awareness is still low to arouse debate on the issue. An analysis of the cases referred to IPCC has helped in rectifying the mistakes at policy and practice level (IPCC 1). Civilian fatalities following police related road traffic incidents - England & Wales Financial Year Pursuit related ?Emergency response 'Other incidents' ? Total fatalities ? ?2004/05 ?23 ?6 ?15 ?44 ?2005/06 ?32 ?4 ?12 ?48 ?2006/07 ?19 ?3 ?14 ?36 ?2007/08 ?17 ?2 ?5 ?24 ?2008/09 ?22 ?6 ?12 ?40 ?2009/10 ?19 3 7 29 ?2010/11 ?13 ?4 ?9 ?26 Source: Statistics for England and Wales annual reports At higher administrative level, need to revise the driver training parameters have been felt to bring down the number of road hits and injuries from accidents. Comparing the number of accidents by the public and the policemen in Britain, nothing can be said for sure, as the data in the above table indicates but subsequent improvement in controlling pursuit related accidents has been accomplished but the number of injuries to the policemen while on the roads can be critically deci sive to their performance. Adequate training to the police drivers can further control the rise in accidents, as after-effects on the health of police officers themselves could be harsh in physical terms (Fletcher 1). The aim of this research is to prove whether it is advisable to take the risks of high-speed police pursuits relatively to the rewards from them. Such pursuits are dangerous and life threatening for all concerned, and even not-aware citizens becoming sudden victims. Policies are required to be changed to control possible pursuits and the parameters employed to decide or terminate such pursuits (Player 2). High Speed Pursuit Policy The high-speed pursuit policy should help policemen in decision-making while considering various elements, such as: (a) the category of the offense; (b) the strategy of the offender's running; (c) the limit of recognizing the offender; (d) prior hints of the offender's lead direction; (e) the current expertise of other officers to nab the off ender; (f) idea of past activities of the offender; (g) the possibility that the offender is carrying weapons or may use force to escape; (h) the possibility of material loss to individuals or property caused from the pursuit; (i) the fitness of the police vehicle; consideration of the

The purpose of Corporate social responsibility

The purpose of Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) covers the responsibilities corporations have to the societies within which they are based and operate. More specifically, CSR involves a business identifying its stakeholder groups and incorporating their needs and values within the strategic and day-to-day decision-making process. Therefore, a business society within which it operates, which defines the number of stakeholders to which the organization has a responsibility, may be broad or narrow depending on the industry in which the firm operates and its perspective. There is still having other definitions for CSR. Such as, based on South China Morning Post, 2002, the notion of companies looking beyond profits to their role in society is generally termed corporate social responsibility (CSR). It refers to a company linking itself with ethical values, transparency, employee relations, compliance with legal requirements and overall respect for the communities in which they operate. It goes beyond the occasional community service action, however, as CSR is a corporate philosophy that drives strategic decision-making, partner selection, hiring practices and, ultimately, brand development. Beside, according to Archie B. Carroll, 1979, the social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time. On the other hand, the Institute of Directors, UK, 2002, stated that CSR is about businesses and other organizations going beyond the legal obligations to manage the impact they have on the environment and society. In particular, this could include how organizations interact with their employees, suppliers, customers and the communities in which they operate, as well as the extent they attempt to protect the environment. CSR is a means of analyzing the inter-dependent relationships that exist between businesses and economic systems, and the communities within which they are based. CSR is a means of discussing the extent of any obligations a business has to its immediate society and also a way of proposing policy ideas on how those obligations can be met as well as a tool by which the benefits to a business for meeting those obligations can be identified. Today, companies permanently need to implement solutions aimed at generating competitive advantage that allow them to survive and be successful in ever changing and demanding markets. Therefore, to focus on customers is a common denominator for organizations, aiming to meet their needs and satisfy their expectations. Society has become one of the players as one of the actors that highly influence corporate behavior. Communities have expressed more mistrust of corporations because of various scandals. This has put business ethics in the spot light influencing companies to be good corporate citizens, respecting the law but also to create good social values and principles. Today, the level of demand goes beyond the direct impact of the organizations business to also incorporate how corporations can contribute to societal and environmental causes. For corporations, these activities are manifested through the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, from a corporate perspective, it is difficult to measure if these changes can have a positive impact on a firm. To analyse the companies financial performance, the profitability ratios such as profit margin, asset turnover, return on assets, return on common stockholders equity, earnings per share and price-earnings ratio had been used. Net profit margin is a widely used ratio in the assessment of company performance and in comparisons with other companies. A higher margin generally suggests good performance. For the AirAsia Berhad, in year 2007, net profit margin is 20.02% but it decreased to -13.35% in year 2008 and increased to 29.13% in year 2009. ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is having net profit margin 1.81%, -11.09% in year 2008 and -3.63% in year 2009. On the other hand, the return on capital employed is a fundamental measure of the profitability of a company. It is a popular indicator of management efficiency because it contrasts the net profit generated by the company with the total value of fixed and current assets which are presumed to be under management control. Therefore, the ROCE demonstrates how well the management has utilized total assets. The ratio for the year 2007 is 10.44% but decreased to -21.90% in year 2008 and increased to 34.82%. For the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, the ratio for the year 2007 is 2.15%, -16.39% in year 2008 and -3.38% in year 2009. Besides, the return on equity is a measure of how well a company used reinvested earnings to generate additional earnings, equal to a fiscal years after-tax income divided by book value, expressed as a percentage. It is used as a general indication of the companys efficiency. In other words, how much profit it is able to generate given the resources provided by its stockholders. Investors usually look for companies with returns on equity that are high and growing. The ratio for the year 2007 is 20.28%, -30.93% in year 2008 and 19.32% in year 2009. But for the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, it is having 1.16% in year 2007, -18.13% in year 2008, and -6.30% in year 2009. The inventory turnover is a measure of how much sales are generated by the capital asset base of a company. Although the ratio can act as a good guide to company performance, it can also be misleading. If the inventory turnover increases, either the total value of sales is increasing, or the capital asset base is decreasing, or both. If it is because sales are increasing, this might signify improved performance. The ratio of inventory turnover period for the AirAsia Berhad is -57.41days for the year 2007, -31.88days for the year 2008 and -24.88days for the year 2009. On the other hand, ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is -76.33days in year 2007, -66.59days in year 2008 and -29.76days in year 2009. Furthermore, earnings per share (EPS) indicates the amount of profit after tax, interest and dividends to preference shares has been earned for each ordinary share. AirAsia Berhad is earned RM 0.181 per share in year 2007, RM -0.211 per share in year 2008 and RM 0.206 in year 2009; ChangHuat Corporation Berhad is earned RM 0.0212 per share in year 2007, RM -0.2812 in year 2008 and RM -0.1183 in year 2009. Price earnings ratio is calculated using the current share price and current earnings. It is a measure of market confidence in the shares of a company. However, the market price also takes into account anticipated changes in the earnings arising from their assessment of a marco events such as political factors, economic factors and the market conditions. It is also influenced by company-related events. The ratio for the AirAsia Berhad is 8.84 in year 2007 and 6.70 in year 2009 but for the ChangHuat Corporation Berhad, it is only have 3.07 in 2007. Comparing these two companies, the financial performance of AirAsia Berhad is much better than ChangHuat Corporation Berhad. The net profit margin for AirAsia Berhad is more than 20% (but the year 2008 is having negative) but ChangHuat Corporation Berhad only have less than 10% and also having negative percentage in year 2008 and 2009. In conclusion, having more corporate social responsibility will lead company to have better performance.

Andrew C :: essays research papers

Andrew Carnegie was an intelligent Scottish immigrant that excelled in the steel and oil industries. He provided our country with inexpensive steel that allowed other industries to thrive. Carnegie was also a generous and well-known philanthropist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland November 25, 1835. His parents, William and Margaret Carnegie, were impoverished iron mill workers. They immigrated to the United States in search of employment and opportunities in 1848.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Carnegie obtained a variety of occupations since his first arrival to America. His first job, at age thirteen, was a bobbin boy in a local cotton mill. At fifteen, Carnegie delivered telegrams for the Western Union. This job paid twenty-five dollars a month, which was considered a phenomenal amount of money at this time. At age 17, Carnegie had a job with the Pennsylvania Railroad. This job involved sending and receiving telegrams to benefit each train’s safety; he was now earning thirty-five dollars a month.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1850’s the major form of transportation used was the railroad. People would take the train for traveling to different areas around the country. Unfortunately, the ride to these distant destinations was quite uncomfortable. The passengers’ complaints increased. Theodore Woodruff developed sleeping cars that introduced passengers to more comfortable rides. Through the persuasion of his boss, Carnegie bought a share in this particular company while working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Carnegie’s boss urged him to purchase one-eighth share in this company. The share’s money supply sharply increased due to the excessive amount of railroad companies that wished to please their passengers. From the success of his stock with the sleeping car company, Carnegie was able to place his money in other lucrative opportunities. At the age of twenty-four, Carnegie was soon aware of the oil being utilized by the Seneca Indians in Titsuville, Pennsylvania. Realizing his opportunity, Carnegie decided to buy land in a near by area. The oil on the land provided Carnegie and his brother with an ample supply of money. The land itself had increased in value by 125%. In 1870, Carnegie changed his job to become an iron master. Carnegie transposed the old iron making procedure with his new routine. He assiduously combined three ingredients – iron ore, coke, and limestone – to produce an essential product.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iron manufacturers discovered that certain ores shouldn’t be combined with each other. By hiring a chemist, Carnegie’s ores were assorted into their specific group. Carnegie was then the first iron mill owner to have a chemist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carnegie assisted many companies with the makings of bridges, locomotives, and other products that relied on iron.

Obama Care The Federal Legacy Health And Social Care Essay

The historical development of province wellness attention policies and their development to establishments of the present twenty-four hours has created an environment where the support of province wellness attention and its reform has been a focal point of citizens and governmental entities likewise. Recent province policy research and media focus frequently list the immense cost loads that states face to handle many of their uninsured citizens including the indigent and low-income persons, peculiarly those with important chronic medical conditions and viz. dialysis patients. Safety Net, or â€Å" Disproportionate Share, † Hospitals ( 1980s to 2009 ) Before 1981, Medicaid paid infirmaries with unreimbursed attention based on â€Å" sensible costs. † The disproportionately high costs of infirmary attention[ 1 ]caused Congress to acknowledge Disproportionate Share Hospitals ( DSH ) in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act ( OBRA ) of 1981. DSHs are defined as those that serve preponderantly low-income patients, and as such, are public infirmaries that are entitled to federal aid. These DSH, or â€Å" Safety Internet † infirmaries, supply a broad assortment of attention. In 1987, the so Health Care Financing Administration[ 2 ]( HFCA ) released a survey that reviewed province DSH plans. As a consequence, Congress required provinces make payments to acknowledge DSH public infirmaries. In 1990, province discretion was increased in footings of their DSH plan designs. Different classs were allowed, but this increased DSH disbursement. By 1992, DSH disbursement cost $ 17.4 billion. As a consequence, Congress passed the Medicaid Voluntary Contribution and Provider-Specific Tax Amendments Act of 1991 to restrict funding of the non-federal portion and limited national sum DSH disbursement to 12 % of entire Medicaid disbursement. Further efforts to restrict DSH disbursement occurred in 1993, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, which reduced Medicare DSH payments by 8.6 % , and in the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003. In 2003, the Medicaid DSH Program funded 23 % of unreimbursed attention in the United States[ 3 ]. Projections indicate that $ 11.3 billion of the jutting $ 216 billion the federal authorities will pass on Medicaid in financial twelvemonth ( FY ) 2009 will be for DSH payments. This includes financess from ObamaCare ( Pete rs, Christie Provost, 2009 ) .Recent Attempts at Health Care ReformIn 1994, President Clinton attempted to go through the American Health Security Act without success. Harmonizing to one article, Business and insurance groups by and large opposed the reform bundle, while labour and the AARP supported Clinton ‘s measure. However, Clinton ‘s program was so comprehensive and complicated in the ways it might impact the dynamic wellness attention industry that some organisations changed sides during the legislative conflict and others splintered into opposing cabals ( Lowery, et al. , 2005 ) . In 1997, the Children ‘s Health Insurance Act ( CHIP ) plan was enacted. This plan provides insurance coverage for kids of low- to moderate-income places without private insurance. The plan is provided at both the federal and province ( SCHIP ) degrees as province legislative assemblies addressed wellness issues during the same clip. The legislative docket included prescription drug coverage, ordinance of managed attention, and cosmopolitan coverage, with different results than at the national degree ( IBID ) . The 50 provinces passed over 900 different Torahs modulating managed attention, between 1995 and 2001 as reported by the NCSL[ 4 ]. Health attention comprises a big part of province budgets ; multiple groups anteroom for Medicaid, SCHIP, public employees ‘ wellness insurance, and other wellness attention support. In 2003, President Bush expanded Medicare to include prescription drug coverage[ 5 ]. Massachusetts Health Care Reform In 2006, Massachusetts enacted wellness attention reforms, which were frequently touted by advocates of ObamaCare. The Massachusetts â€Å" carrot and stick † attack of single authorizations, coupled with a province tally insurance â€Å" exchange, † enables the uninsured to buy portable insurance at regulated/affordable rates. As of 2010, 97 % of Massachusetts occupants have wellness insurance ( see Appendix 6: Percentage of Massachusetts Residents without Health Insurance ) , with greater Numberss of employers offering wellness insurance than the national norm[ 6 ]. â€Å" MassHealth, † is the agencies by which the province provides comprehensive medical coverage, with eligibility standards for up to 300 % of the federal poorness degree ( FPL )[ 7 ]for low-income occupants and persons with disablements. Harmonizing to the Governor ‘s FY2011 budget, $ 9.84 billion is included for MassHealth Medicaid plans, an addition of 6.5 % from FY2010 ( see Appendix 7: MassHealth Average Enrollment ) . For those occupants who can non afford wellness insurance, Commonwealth Care provides wellness insurance for persons up to 300 % of the FPL with a full subsidy for those under 100 % of the FPL through a â€Å" to the full capitated insurance theoretical account[ 8 ]â€Å" . As of FY2010, over 150,000 occupants were enrolled, with a FY2011 budget of $ 838 million that includes a jutting 20,000 member enrollment addition. MassCare includes a $ 40 million Commonwealth Care Bridge for legal immigrants populating in the United States under five old ages. Massachusetts ‘ reform attempts ( Massachusetts Act, Chapter 58 of the Acts of 2006 ) have been both a success and a failure. Evidence of success reveal that in 2008, 96 % of occupants were estimated to hold wellness insurance. There were additions in insurance coverage reported across every population and conformity with the single authorization is high, with about 1 % of grownups assessed a punishment for disobedience ( Long, 2010 ) . Evidence of failure indicates the undermentioned ( Samuelson, 2010 ) : the province subsidizes insurance for people with incomes up to 300 % the federal poorness line ( FPL ) ; the easy portion – spread outing state-subsidized insurance coverage – succeeded ; the difficult portion – controlling costs and guaranting that passing improves people ‘s wellness – failed. Emergency suites are still as crowded, and that take place wage is being squeezed because of the coverage costs. Additionally, costs have shifted aut horities precedences from public safety, instruction, substructure, and lower revenue enhancements to wellness attention as the province budget went from 22 % for wellness attention to 35 % , of which 90 % of that is Medicaid. MassCare besides provides a Health Care Finance and Policy Division Health Safety Net ( HSN ) , once known as the Uncompensated Care Pool. HSN reimburses infirmaries and other Safety Net medical suppliers for low-income patients who are uninsured or underinsured. The payments for Safety Net suppliers decreased from 2007 to 2009 ( Appendix 8: Health Safety Net Payments Compared to Hospital Payments ) due to expanded wellness insurance coverage for occupants[ 9 ]. This lessening in Safety Net reimbursements may be a positive index for cost recovery at UMC. As patients obtain insurance, UMC may be able to better measure the insurance suppliers for attention provided, but it is excessively shortly to state if this will be a factor as patients may choose to pay the punishment of being uninsured instead than pay the higher premiums for wellness insurance. Round 2 of Massachusetts ‘ Health Reform attempted to turn to cost containment, but cost nest eggs obtained by Massachusetts ‘ wellness attention reform are overshadowed by growing in wellness attention outgos ( see Appendix 9: Growth in Health Spending in MA Expected to Surpass Other Economic Indicators Index of Health Expenditures Per Capita and Other Indexs in MA, 1991-2020 ) . Cost containment attempts outpace the province ‘s attempts to fit grosss to outgos. Harmonizing to the Governor ‘s FY2011 budget, â€Å" Experts believe that about 30 % of today ‘s wellness attention disbursement produces no benefit to patientsaˆÂ ¦we pass a significant sum of money per twelvemonth on preventable and unneeded exigency room visits, hospitalizations and readmissions, while the United States has the doubtful differentiation of taking the universe in duplicative medical trials[ 10 ]â€Å" and that farther payment reform is needed to incorporate these costs.

The Role of Money in a Relationship Among the Couples

Opinion essay The role of money in a relationship among the couples, who are going to marry Outline: I. Introduction Money is everything. Money represents power, love, joy, and much more. II. Main body: a) The relationship between couples is great because they have money b) Money sometimes can be a disaster, because of its lack c) Money influence on people’s power III. Conclusion Money is very important thing in people’s lives. Without money they are not able to live†¦ Money is everything in people’s life. Money is not simply money. Money represents power, love, joy, and much more.The Kazakhs believe that money plays an important role in their life. No one cannot achieve anything in life without money. The role of money in a relationship is very important to the success or failure of a relationship. There a few reasons of that. First, the relationship between couples is great because they have money. For example, two persons meet; both of them have money, jo bs, and apartments. They enjoy each other’s company, with places where they go, interests and etc. By the way, if one of them doesn’t havet money or job they will not pay attention to her or him.Then the couple establishes a life together, gets married, has children, enjoy with their lives. In short, they are happy, because they have money. Second, money sometimes can be a disaster, because of its lack. We always witness many endings of relationships with the reason of money. For example, one of the partners loses his or her job. After a few months the fighting starts. It starts with little arguments about bills and conflicts are every day. Then the fights grow and it is constant. They understand that all these problems are because of money’s lack. It can take a happy couple straight to divorce.Finally, money influences on people’s power. Usually, men earn more money, than women and they have more power in families. However, many women work as men and hav e good salaries today in Kazakhstan. And they feel freer to make decisions about what the couple does with money. One partner think that saving money for the future is most important, while the other partner think that they should spend money immediately. And the partner, who earns less money, feels humiliation from another. He or she thinks that it is beneath them. Therefore, the problems start again.To conclude, money is very important thing in people’s lives. Without money they are not able to live. If they would be able to live without the money, why do they work, what for? I don’t believe that some people work only for their pleasure. And I think that having a good financial standing is the only way to avoid the stress factors that can destroy people’s relationship. Also most couples, when they decide to marry they take no notice for money. But I think that the best time for couples to begin discussing money is before the wedding, so both know what the othe r expects and how they will spend their money.Without having an understanding about each other's attitude and emotions towards finances, saving, investment and spending, people might be setting themself up for failure in their relationship. Reference list: * Laura Frangipani (April 05, 2008) http://www. helium. com/items/975446-the-role-of-money-in-a-relationship. Helium . * Sissy R. Osteen, Ph. D. (Assistant Professor), Rachel A. Neal, Ph. D. (Visiting Assistant Professor) http://agecon. okstate. edu/annie/files/T-4201web. pdf. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service. * Joanna Moorhead (September 7th 2008) http://moreintelligentlife. com/story/couples-money. More Intelligent Life.

Bridge essay essays

Bridge essay essays In project one, we tested the thickness of the bridges. We measured construction paper and cut the paper six inches long and four inches wide. We set the bridges between tables and recorded our results. We had one bridge and had it hold fourteen pennies. Two bridges held twenty-two pennies. Three bridges held thirty-three pennies. Four bridges held sixty-seven pennies. When I graphed this data, it was linear. In project two, we tested the length of bridges. We measured and cut construction paper four inches wide and four inches long; five inches long; six inches long; seven inches long; eight inches long; nine inches long; and ten inches long. Again, we set the bridges apart on two desks, letting them overlap the table an inch on each side. Then we started to add pennies to the bridges. The four inch long held sixty-seven pennies; the five inch long held thirty pennies; the six inch long held twenty-five pennies; the seven inch long held fifteen pennies; the eight inch long held thirteen pennies; the nine inch long held ten pennies; and the ten inch long held seven pennies. When I graphed this data, it came out as a non-linear graph. In project one, the thicker bridges held up better than the thinner bridges. In project two, the shorter bridges held better than the longer bridges. The non-linear graph has an obvious curve in it compared to the straight linear graph. Hypothesis: Thicker is stronger My graph of this data comes out as a linear graph. Yes, my graph came out approximately linear. Errors I could have made are: bad measurement; cup position; drop of pennies; desk position; imprecise; paper defective; or miscounted. My notes indicate the rise over run = M= - 11. ...