Composed Upon Westminister Bridge Essay

This poem is all about the poets epiphany-like realisation about London’s beauty while crossing Westminster bridge. He opens the poem with a hyperbole, designed to grab the attention of the reader. He continues this with almost an accusation: â€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could pass by†. This is basically challenging the reader to read on, as he or she would be ‘dull of soul’. In the next line, the word â€Å"now† shows that it is not just this place, but this time that adds to the atmosphere. This is supported where Wordsworth describes the beauty of the morning as a garment that the city wears. This shows that the city is not always this beautiful, but with the morning being ‘worn’ it is. The next two lines show that the beauty is added to both by human creations and by nature, in a serene confluence that astounds Wordsworth. The volta (transition between octave and sestet) is subtle, but the sestet starts with another hyperbolic statement: â€Å"Never did sun more beautifully steep†. In the third line of the sestet, he describes that the atmosphere is making him feel â€Å"a calm so deep†. This is counter-intuitive, as London is a busy, bustling, and hectic place. The fact that it is calm emphasises that it is the time more than the place which creates the feeling. In the fourth line, Wordsworth writes â€Å"the river glideth at his own sweet will†. The word ‘glide’ implies that the river is taking its time- it is in no rush. Also, he uses of the word â€Å"glideth† instead of ‘glide’ because the ‘-th’ sound is softer then the ‘-s’ sound, adding to the mood of calm. The poet ends saying that the city is so unusually calm and quiet, and that at this time all of the energy and madness of city life is not yet there- and he loves it.

Outsider Essay

The Stranger by Albert Camus is one of his best works. This novel tells the story of a man, Meursault, who is a moralist. Nothing seems to matter to him and his or anybody else’s actions makes no difference. Camus’s use of language allows readers to discover the mood and meaning being conveyed through diction and word choice. His use of fgurative language can be seen throughout. Such an example of figurative language is imagery. From reading The Stranger, one can clearly picture whats happening as Camus beautifully describes every action f Meursault. In the first chapter, Meursault hears that his mother has died and says â€Å"Maman died today. Or yesterday maybe, I don’t know. â€Å". Him saying this shows his emotional indifference and establishes his character traits. It doesn’t show that he didn’t really care about his mother, but that he really doesn’t give great thought to much of anything. The death of his mother shows Just how emotionless Meursault is for the fact of not grieving over his mothers death. But while at the funeral, Camus oes in great depth to explain the heat of the day and all of Meursault’s surroundings. Continuing with Camus’s use of imagery, at Maman’s funeral Meursault states â€Å"She was right. There was no way out. † as he talks to the nurse who had said â€Å"If you go slowly, you risk getting sunstroke. But if you go too fast, you work up a sweat and then catch a chill inside the church. â€Å". Meursault says this only to his understanding that a person is born into a life that will only result in the death of that person. Death, like the harsh effects of the sun, is unavoidable. This idea is central to Camus’s philosophy in The Stranger, which posits death as the one central, inescapable fact of life. In prison, where Meursault has much time to reflect on his past, does he discover all the over-looked, finer aspects of his former free life. The author conveys this sense of discovery through the detailed flashbacks in the second part of the novel during his arrest. For example, Just moments before Meursault’s execution, he vividly recalls is mother’s funeral. Whereas he was empty of feeling at the funeral, now he too faces eminent death and thus savors the moments as to when he was the mourner. Through Camus’s use of diction and language, he has expressed the mood and meaning to this story of a man who has been wrongly accused. And by doing so the author has grasped his readers and has given them a different perspective on life and how things are fine one moment and can go terribly wrong the next moment. Outsider By lalalalalalal

Boots Marketing Strategy

Boots Marketing Strategy INTRODUCTION: Boots (UK) Ltd is also known as boots, It is the leading health and beauty retailer with around 1400 branches alongside in United Kingdom and Ireland. It has also more than 300 branches of Boots optician. Boots is previously known as The Boots Company, it has most its outlets in high streets throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. Boots is subsidiary company of Alliance Boots. After merger of Alliance Boots and Boots Group Plc., Boots launched. Boots are dealing with 8 million customer every week. Boots develops and sells own brand products, a number of which are leaders in their respective markets. The Boots brand is founded on the trust, expertise and heritage, which comes with its longevity in the market. Boots Group operates three principal businesses: Boots The Chemists; Boots Opticians; and Boots Retail International. Pharmacy is a fundamentally important part of the brand; representing one quarter of sales, it is the foundation of Boots’ authority and credibility. Boots stores are mostly located on high streets; but, in line with modern shopping trends, its presence in edge of town retail parks is rapidly increasing. Over the last three years 48 such stores have opened, as well as a flagship London store on Oxford Street. Overseas, Boots is working closely with other major retailers in their local markets, to open Boots branded within their stores. There are currently 758 implants in 13 countries. Boots also has 96 standalone stores in Thailand. Boots has had an illustrious history. From its beginnings in 1849 as an herbalist shop, Boots has continually developed new product ranges, many of which are now household names in their own right. By the 1930s, Boots had more than 1,000 stores selling a wide range of products. Over the years Boots has successfully introduced brands such as 17 cosmetics, aimed at teenagers, which was introduced in 1968 and new business ventures such as Boots Opticians — now a major division of the business. In 1985 the Research Department received the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement for the discovery and development of ibuprofen. The analgesic ibuprofen was introduced in 1969 as a prescription drug, but launched as the over the counter brand, Nurofen, in 1983. Boots’ internet business has become increasingly important in the new millennium and a successful part of the brand. Improvements have been made to the online customer experience making navigation easier, resulting in boots.com sales becoming bigger than those of the largest Boots store. Boots is best known for selling a wide range of products under the Boots brand name across health and beauty. The merger between Alliance UniChem plc. and Boots Group plc. was completed on July 1 2006, creating an international pharmacy-led health and beauty group operating in more than 15 countries across the world. The Alliance Boots network will include two retail formats, both under the Boots brand, ranging from approximately 1,500 smaller dispensing pharmacies to approximately 800 larger destination high street and edge of town health and beauty stores. In addition, Alliance Boots will also operate approximately 300 additional retail outlets, including freestanding Boots Opticians practices. Boots is also developing in-store â€Å"health zones† in its bigger stores, which will include extended waiting areas for customers collecting prescriptions. Consultation rooms for pharmacists are also being introduced, as part of a government initiative to alleviate the pressure on GPs’ surgeries.

International Scholarship Candidates Selection Essay

International Scholarship Candidates Selection - Essay Example Further, RasGas may choose candidates who will fail to complete their chosen educational programs and create a sunk cost loss for RasGas. The use of an objective rating scale linked to organizational goals and future performance can limit these potential losses and increase the chances of securing productive employees post graduation. In order to create a winning proposition, one of the focus areas for RasGas is the 'development of its employees and the organisation', which can only be realized when the company is in a position to objectively rate the performances. Motivational factors arouse a need, propelling a person to channelise his efforts and energies in the direction of fulfilling those needs. These needs are aroused in the employee of an organization to increase the output, provide quality, increase efficiency, maintain industrial peace etc. An effective management must understand the fact that there are at least two ways by which the behavior of employees could be directed towards the productive pursuits in the organization. One is by changing the personality, i.e. the internal psychological structures of the person, which is a long-drawn and uncertain process. Another strategy is to modify the characteristics of the situation prevailing around the employees. These situational factors have tremendous influence in shaping one's personality. Providing suitable ambience and opportunities for career development and education hold the key in setting the process in motion. 2. Aim: To design a Success Predictability Scale for scholarship candidates Objectives: Analysis of the present policies of RasGas to encourage the talent. Analysis of the levels of motivation and urge for pursuing higher studies amongst the existing staff by conducting interviews and by observing them on the job. Analysis of the internal reports and other data about RasGas available in the public domain. Establishing a documentary link between scholarship awards and degree fields that supports the long-term goals and objectives of the organization. 3. Benefits to the Organization: The benefits to RasGas for using an objective success potential scale linked to organizational objectives for scholarship candidates are: Enhance the reward potential of opportunity costs associated with a scholarship candidate. Lower potential and actual economic losses associated with the scholarship program. Increase the chances of successful degree completion by scholarship candidates. Saving of as much as $500,000 US on candidates who are less likely to complete their assigned programs and make contributions to the organization that exceed the organization's investment in their education. Motivated employees, who in turn help the company more efficient and competitive. Motivation and encouragement leads to lesser attrition rates and turnover ratios, which in turn saves lots of costs associated with recruiting a team of new person time and time again. RasGas considers its workforce as one of its greatest assets and with people from over 36 different nationalities working together within the organisation, encouraging career development

Individual Presentation( about homeless people) Essay

Individual Presentation( about homeless people) - Essay Example Lack of physical space exposes individuals to unhygienic conditions which can lead to serious health issues. Moreover, the insecurity that the lack of a permanent shelter imparts on an individual causes serious outcomes in terms of his or her psychological well being. When it comes to the case of children these implications are much serious. Homelessness amongst children can lead to serious consequences affecting their growth and their future. It has been found from experiences around the world that homeless children are prone to risks of abuse, child labor, addiction and health issues. Physical and sexual abuse of children who live on streets is a very common incidence being reported all across the world. Forced child labor is also a very sad but common consequence of homelessness amongst children. The plight of these children without homes must be an eye opener for all of us. It must be realized that a shelter is a basic right for every human being. The implications of homelessness have always been proved to be serious. Governments and Human Rights organizations must take serious measures to ensure that every individual has a shelter. Especially, no child must be deprived of a safe shelter. Every measure be taken that the welfare of the homeless is taken care of. It becomes our responsibility as a fellow citizen, as a fellow human being USDHUD. (2007). The Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congres. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Community Planning and Development. Retrieved from http://www.huduser.org/Publications/pdf/ahar.pdf> Bassuk, E.L., et al. (2011). America’s Youngest Outcasts: 2010. The National Center on Family Homelessness. Retrieved from

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 7

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example The site was primarily created to help the fans to have their say and share with the rest of Taylor and these popular events. Most people are an admirer of the talented singer Taylor Swift, and it is the reason a group of artist made the effort to create a community fan page. The author of this website gives narrations of Taylor Swift achievements and popular events such as concerts the pop star is expecting or has performed. The media in this community website includes both print, photos of Taylor Swift and videos of some of her songs and concerts performances. Rather than being interactive, the media gives a brief overview of Taylor Swift illustrious music career. I love Taylor Swift is a group that keeps Taylor’s fan posted on issue happening in her life. In particular, the administrator added beautiful photos of Taylor Swift on May 15th, the Rock In Rio, Las Vegas performance. There is a lot of information about Taylor’s songs. One specific song that Taylor in the message board is the about her Video, Bad Blood and the reception it had to the rest of the world. Most of the people who commented and made reviews of the video such as amazing and see a growing talent in 25 years old pop star. In another particular section, there is more news on Taylor’s upcoming event on Taylor and Ed Sheeran planned Las Vegas party after the music awards. The party is expected to be attended by the host of music stars and millions of fans who will come celebrate their favorite pop artists arguably living in this era. Taylor also gives her views about her life. She discloses her circles of friends such Karlie, Lena and Selena who understand her life keep her going in life. The site has plentiful Taylors photo and print about the happenings in her life. For those fans who like Taylor in India, they have a website where they engage on the latest happening around the Taylors Swift world. On late May 2015, Forbes listed Taylor

Dutch in new york and how they entered the city in the 15th and 16th Research Paper

Dutch in new york and how they entered the city in the 15th and 16th centuries - Research Paper Example New Netherlands was only one of the many Dutch colonies. Amsterdam was the port that sent ships to explore. In the New Netherlands furs, tradeable objects, and fertile land were found. The founding of New Netherlands developed a valuable region into a successful colony. The Dutch West India Company was a trade company in the 1700s.1 The Dutch West India Company was formed in 1631.2 The Dutch West India Company was only one branch of the Dutch company. The Dutch East India Company had great success in the East.3 The East is defined as mainly territories in or around Asia.4 The trade industry was done through shipping lanes in the 1600s.5 Furs, ivory, jade, diamonds, cloth, and spices were just a few items the Dutch West India Company traded.6 While the English, Spanish, and other countries were interested in conquest, the Dutch interest was focused on the trade industry.7 The colonization of an area by the Dutch would be due to trade, not expansion. The Dutch West India Company was interested in the area of New Netherlands due to the opportunity to trade. The Dutch West India Company hired Henry Hudson.8 The expedition of finding new trade routes was Henry Hudson’s assignment.9 â€Å"Sailing for the Dutch in 1609, Henry Hudson explored the river that now bears his name. The Dutch established a string of agricultural settlements between New Amsterdam (New York City) and Fort Orange (Albany, New York) after 1614.†10 Hudson mapped out the Hudson River and Hudson Bay. The Dutch wanted to create a settlement at the mouth of the Hudson River in order to strengthen the fur trade with local Natives. The Dutch became the chief European traders with the Iroquois, supplying them with firearms, blankets, metal tools, and other European trade goods in exchange for furs. The Iroquois used those goods to nearly destroy the Hurons and to push the Algonquins into Illinois and Michigan. As a result, the Iroquois gained

Media Portrayal of Drugs and how has it desensitized America Research Paper

Media Portrayal of Drugs and how has it desensitized America - Research Paper Example The media in America can be seen as the supporters of drugs, like alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, inhalants, and cocaine. Both print and visual media show the use of drugs abundantly. The excessive portrayal of drugs and violence in the media has a mighty impact on the teenagers, but the media in America do not take the matter seriously. Therefore, one can find various opinions regarding the presentation of the news of drugs in media. The media picture the use of drugs in different ways. It depicts the public on one side and the drug producers on the other side. The portrayal of drugs in movies and videos has created a desensitized attitude to drugs among the teenagers and the youth. The present article makes out a study on the relationship between media and drugs in the American society, emphasizing how the excessive display of drugs in media has desensitized this matter. Media portray the American youth as affected with sex, drugs, crime, and the illicit substances. The involvement of youth and teenagers with drugs and other substances has made the media think that the use of drug among the children is inseparable from the American way of life. So the media are not at all reluctant in presenting such things, instead, they popularize the use of it. The teenagers are the most likely affected ones by the media. The project Media Portrayal of Teenagers and the Effects by Kiera Gilbert, a student of City Charter High School, focuses on the presentation of teenagers by the media with regard to drugs and other substances. The writer says that in America about 4000 teens at grade 6 smoke tobacco for the first time and half of these teens become addicted to smoking. The media play a crucial role in the enhancement of it among the teens, as the presentation of drugs in media is connected with the glamorizing the habit. The writer makes the points clearer by stating that â€Å"cigarette advertising increases teenagers’ risk of smoking by glamorizing smoking and smokers† (Gilbert, 2010, p.6). The media have played a key role in the increasing alcoholism among the teens in the nation. â€Å"Alcohol drinks are the most common beverages portrayed on TV and 56% of students on grades 5-12 say alcohol advertising encourages them to drink† (Gilbert, 2010, p.6). The use of drugs remains to be a common phenomenon in America. Lloyd D. Johnson et al in their seminal book Drug Use among American High School Seniors, College Students and young Adults, 1975- 1990 point out the fact that the use of alcohol and cigarette start at the school level. He establishes that the use of illicit drugs is initiated by sixth grade among the students. He asserts that 19% of students in sixth grade use cigarette and 11% use alcohol. With regard to the use of the drugs like marijuana and inhalants, the rate is 2.8% among the students at the grade sixth. When the students reach the 9th grade, the rate is increased to a greater level (Johnston et al., 1991, p. 9). Drugs, sex and violence are closely related to the media that focus these elements. A study was carried out by Craig Anderson and Brad Bushman of Iowa University, in which they could analyze the involvement of media and the violence of children. They found out that children and youth who play violent video games are prone to show aggressive behavior towards others. The exposure of

Reading response 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading response 12 - Assignment Example 2011), quoting Selinker (1972), states that this theory was developed forty years ago and has gradually been accepted by many researchers, such that it became conned a globe approach that saw L2 learners acquire new languages. It developed from generic, impressionistic observations outside tutored environment. Han (2011) also emphasized that only about 0 – 5% of L2 learners were able to achieve foreign language proficiency. The rest were failures who became fossilized. According to Han (2011), proponents of Fossilization (as a determinant in L2 learning) also based their research on observation and interview outside the classroom environment (tutored environment). They had their targets and observed and interviewed them periodically. Unfortunately, Han (2011) states that recent research indicates that Fossilization, as a theory, is evolving. It is no longer having the global status it used to have before. Several researchers have hinted that there are several shortfalls that have made Fossilization rather a local than global approach. Studies have proved that there are several conditions that make L2 learners acquire language, namely: bio-mutations, ability, opportunity, motivation, environment, culture, time, quality and quantity of instruction, inadequacy in input and methodology of instruction, and communicative practice of the imparted knowledge. Such conditions make some learners not to be fossilized. They excel in acquiring language. Recent researchers further argue that, early researchers only used qualitative means to interpret their data. This renders fossilization weak as an approach. Perhaps they should have used both qualitative and quantitative means in a tutored environment of SL2. Furthermore, todays’ researchers such Long (1990), Abrahamson (2003) and Williams (2007), argue that fossilization may come due to inadequate and poor instruction to the learners of L2 coupled with poor methodology and learning environment. Such condition, plus

Patterns Withing Systems of Linear Equations Math Problem

Patterns Withing Systems of Linear Equations - Math Problem Example The usual letter for the unknown number is. A real problem can be written as: This is called an equation because there is a sign. In order to find the value of the unknown number, algebra’s rules can do whatever it likes to this equation as long as it does the same to both sides of the equation. So far it has had equation with a single unknown number. What if it has two unknown numbers? In fact, an equation with two unknown has an infinite numbers of pairs of answer. To fix a single pair of number as the answer, it needs another equation. A pair of equation, each with two unknown numbers is called simultaneous equations. They can be solved together to give the values for the unknowns that satisfy both equations simultaneously. This paper contains a mathematical research about systems of linear equation when their coefficients obey arithmetic or geometric progressions. An arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers where each number is a certain among larger than the previo us one. The numbers in the sequence are said to increase by a common difference, d. For example: is an arithmetic progression where the. The term of this sequence is. On the other hand, a geometric progression is a sequence where each number is times larger than the previous one. is known as the common ratio of the progression. The term of a geometric progression, where is the first term and is the common ratio, is: . For example, in the following geometric progression, the first term is , and the common ratio is : the term is therefore. The purpose of this portfolio is to show how with the aid of technology using appropriate computer software likes Autograph and Maxima packages (see Figure 1) is quick and easy to get graphical representations of algebraic equations. Thus, how in many situations, the graphs offers much more insight into the problem than does the algebra. Part A will consider the patterns within systems of linear equations:, where and are in arithmetic progression. W hile, in Part B the same coefficients obey geometric progression. Part A. System of linear equations formed with arithmetic progressions. Arithmetic progressions In algebra, letters are used in place of numbers that are not known. The usual letter for the unknown numbers are or . . The numbers are constants in an equation, for example: For instance in the above equation, and are known as constants in the equation. It says that the constant and form a arithmetic progression if they have a common difference, such as: Constants in a system of linear equations Given the system of linear equations. The coefficients are detected as follow: Examining the first equation, it sees a pattern in the constants of the equation. i.e. is the constant preceding the variable , and precede and the equation equals 3. The constant have a common dif

Sociology Functionalist Essay Example for Free

Sociology Functionalist Essay â€Å"Assess the Functionalist view that religion benefits both society as a whole and it’s individual members. † According to research carried out by sociologists, almost 90% of the world population follow a religion. There are numerous theories that attempt to explain the role of religion in our lives. The Functionalist outlook is a consensus perspective that sees religion performing positive functions for society as a whole and on an individual level. On the other hand, Marxism and Feminism offer conflicting perspectives that highlight the ideological function of religion. Marxists see religion as exploiting the proletariats and creating false consciousness. Feminists see religion as an instrument of patriarchy. This paper will attempt to assess the Functionalist claim that religion benefits both society and the individual. In any attempt to reach a considered view the arguments proposed by each theory will be reviewed. The approach will therefore remain analytical, critical and at all times engaged. Functionalists believe that society is a system of interrelated parts or social institutions, such as religion, the family and the economy. According to them society functions because of the existence of value consensus, that is, sets of norms and values by which society’s members live. Functionalists emphasise the social nature of religion and the positive functions it performs. For functionalists, religious institutions play a central part in creating and maintaining the value consensus, social order and solidarity. Emile Durkheim was the first functionalist to develop this idea. For Durkheim the key feature of religion was not a belief in God, spirits or the metaphysical, but he argues that religion provides a distinction between the sacred and the profane. Religion is more than just simply a set of beliefs; it involves rituals in relation to the sacred. These sacred things evoke such powerful feelings, which lead Durkheim to believe that something this powerful can only be society itself, which clearly suggests that religion is in fact less valuable than society. Durkheim believed that the essence of all religion could be found by studying its simplest form, in the simplest type of society. For this reason he used studies of an Australian Aboriginal tribe, with a clan system. For Durkheim when clan members worship their totemic animal, they are in fact worshipping society. He states that the totem inspires feelings of awe in the clan members precisely because it represents the power of the group on which the individual is dependent. Malinowski agrees with Durkheim that religion provides solidarity, however in his view it does so by performing psychological functions for the individuals. Malinowski identifies two situations in which religion performs its role. These are; when the outcome is important but is uncontrollable and therefore uncertain, and secondly at times of life crises. He uses his study of the Trobriand islanders to explain how religion performs its role. In his study he contrasts fishing in the lagoon and ocean fishing. Fishing in the lagoon involves no rituals because the method is easy and the outcome is predictable. However, ocean fishing is dangerous and the outcome is uncertain, this uncertainty promotes rituals, which are performed to ensure a safe a successful expedition. In this context, rituals provide the people with a sense of control which eases the psychological tensions and gives them confidence. Similarly, Talcott Parsons sees religion as a means to allow individuals to cope with unforeseen events and uncontrollable outcomes. However he puts forward two essential functions performed in modern society. This includes creating and legitimising society’s central values and making of the primary source of meaning. Quintessentially, for Parsons then, the function of religion is an instrument of law making. Karl Marx brings forth a differing perspective to the abovementioned. For Marx religion operates as an ideological weapon used by the bourgeoisie (that is the upper class in society) to legitimate the suffering of the poor as something inevitable and God-given. Religion misleads the poor into believing that their suffering is virtuous and that they will be favoured in the afterlife. Marxists believe that religion acts as an opiate to dull the pain of exploitation by masking its pain rather than treating its cause. Therefore, religion masks the underlying problem of exploitation that creates the need for it. However he ignores the positive functions of religion as functionalists suggest such as, psychological adjustment to misfortune. Unlike functionalists who see society as based on harmonious consensus, Marxists see all societies as divided into two classes. In modern capitalist societies, the upper classes that own the means of production exploit the proletariats. Whereas functionalists see religion as a unifying force that strengthens the value consensus. Marx predicts that the proletariats would become conscious of their exploitation and unite to overthrow capitalism. As such there will be no need for religion in a classless society and it will disappear. This view is a direct contrast with functionalists, as they believe that religion is a crucial part in society in terms of maintaining social solidarity and social integration. While, Marxists see religion as playing a crucial part in maintaining the status quo. On the other hand, Feminists take a totally different perspective on the function of religion in terms of benefiting both societies and individual members. For Feminists religion is patriarchal and an ideology that legitimises female subordination. Although the formal teachings of religion often stress the equality between sexes, there is still a considerable amount of patriarchy within many of them, such as women’s participation being restricted, for example not being allowed to preach or to read from sacred texts. In the same way, taboos that regard menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth as polluting may also prevent participation. Furthermore, religious laws and customs may give women fewer rights than men for example in access to divorce, how many spouses they can marry, decision making, dress codes et cetera. Religious influences on cultural norms can also lead to unequal treatment such as, genital mutilation or punishments for sexual transgressions. This contrasts with the functionalist definition that defines religion in terms of the contribution it makes to social integration. This definition proves problematic for feminists who argue the restrictions imposed on women’s participation in religious organisations, do not consent with such functionalist claims. In effect, divisions in society based on gender, for example regarding menstruation or pregnant women as taboos, break social integration. According to Durkheim the fact that sacred things evoke such powerful feelings in believers indicate to Durkheim that this is because they are symbols representing something of great power. However, feminists argue that sacred texts largely feature the doing of male prophets and are usually written and interpreted by men. This has the effect of dividing society by gender and causing conflict between the two. In conclusion, functionalism is a consensus perspective that sees religion performing positive functions for society and individuals, providing a moral framework for society, providing identity as well as providing individuals with buoyancy in times of uncertainty and misfortune. In contrast to functionalist theory, Marxism and feminism offer conflicting perspectives, which highlight the ideological functions of religion. Marxists see religion as exploiting the proletariat and creating false consciousness. Feminists see religion as an instrument of patriarchy. Each theory posits valuable arguments and insight into the role of religion.

Curbing College Drinking Essay Essay Example for Free

Curbing College Drinking Essay Essay â€Å"Curbing College Drinking†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The consequences of college binge drinking are more destructive and life- changing than students realize. In the article â€Å"Curbing College Drinking Starts with a Change in Attitude,† by Sara Fritz, published in Pearsons The Effective Reader in 2011, the author explains the problems resulting from excessive drinking on college campuses. Due to the seriousness of drinking, colleges find, it will take the combined effort of parents, students, and college staff to accomplish the best end result. Fritz begins her article exploring the issues that arise within college campuses when college students drink in excess. With much time invested as a college trustee and through many long discussions with students, Fritz is discouraged to discover that students arent convinced of the severity stating â€Å"our parents drank† making it seem as just a stage that one goes through. It doesnt stop thereas scientists study the problem, they believe the entire student population must be changed. Also, they believe the college enviroment must be changed in order to revolutionize at risk drinkers. Although Fritz appreciates the efforts of the scientists and commends them on their work, the findings were inconclusive. Fritz provides many facts and opinions in her attempt to persuade the readers of the severity of drinking on college campuses and ways to solve the growing issue. She expresses her disgust when she sarcastically states What a concept!† Clearly frustrated, the reader can then be convinced that its been a long standing battle within the college and within her career. With little to no progress, Fritz remains bitter. After reading this article, I agree that college drinking is a serious issue. Fritz offered many good ideas for finding a solution to the problem. Through her personal experiences as a college trustee, she has witnessed, first hand, the tragic effects of college drinking. Perhaps, as parents, we should focus on explaining the dangers of drinking to our children. It may be helpful if we relate to them on the issue, rather than pretending its something we have no experience with. I hope that one day a solution will be found to this growing problem.

Effects of Changes to International Accounting Standards

Effects of Changes to International Accounting Standards CONTENTS PAGE (Jump to) (1)(a) REQUIRED CHANGES UNDER INTERNATIONAL  ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (1)(b) MERITS AND DEMERITS OF EXTINCTION OF  EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS (1)(c) RECOGNISED GAINS AND LOSSES AND HISTORICAL  COSTS (1)(d) CLASSIFICATION OF PREFERENCE SHARES  AND DIVIDENDS (2)(a) OBJECTIVES OF IAS 7 AND DISTINCTION  BETWEEN IAS 7 FRS (2)(b) PREPARATION OF A CASH FLOW STATEMENT UNDER  A DIRECT METHOD UNDER IAS7 FRS (2)(c) ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPANY’S LIQUIDITY IN  ACCORDANCE WITH THE INFORMATION ON THE CASH FLOW BIBLIOGRAPHY This report relates to the recent changes in the International Accounting Standards. Furthermore, it underlines the primary principles that Sky Corporation must comply with. (1)(a) REQUIRED CHANGES UNDER INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS After the introduction of the International Accountant Standards, all public limited companies must comply with these provisions. Sky Corporation must adhere to the IAS 1, effective on all financial statements dating on and from 1st January 2005. In effect the Sky plc will have to prepare its financial statements on a going concern basis unless there is an intension to liquidate the entity, accrual basis of accounting must be used in the preparation of financial statements except for cash flow statements, presentation and classification of items must be obtained from one period to the next, material class of similar items must be presented separately and dissimilar items must be included separately unless they are immaterial, items (individually or collectively) that are likely to influence the economic decision of the user must not be omitted or misstated, assets, liabilities, income and expenses must not be offset unless approved by an IFRS, financial statements must be presented a t least annually, all amounts relating to comparative information must be disclosed in financial statements. Furthermore, Sky must adhere to the disclosure requirements on the face of or in the notes to the balance sheet BS, income statement and statement of changes in equity. Current and non-current assets and liabilities must be present as separate classification on the face of the BS. Additionally, financial statements must include specified disclosure in relation to information, judgements, estimations, uncertainties and accounting policies. At present, Sky’s accountant made a statement indicating that the financial statements in the forthcoming November 2005 accounts will comply with the principles of IAS. In addition, the company’s financial statements included audited reconciliation of the 2005 Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow to UK GAAP from IFRS detailing the impact of the Company’s new accounting policies, and unaudited quarterly 2005 Income Statements to provide comparatives for 2006. (1)(b) MERITS AND DEMERITS OF EXTINCTION OF EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS ISA 1 regarding the presentation of financial statements was issued in December 2003 and is applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2005. International Accounting Standard (IAS 1) prescribes the grounds for presentation of general-purpose financial statements, to ensure comparability both with entity’s financial statements of previous periods and with financial statements of other entities. ISA 1 does not serve any application to interim financial statements prepared in accordance with the ISA 34. Under the SSAP 6 extraordinary items are material items which are transaction that fall outside the ordinary activities of the company and thus not expected to recur frequently or regularly. By excluding extraordinary items from the PL, this will reflect on the EPS. Exclusion of extraordinary items will benefit the current operating performance. As far as Sky Communications Plc is, concern there appears to be no extraordinary items in their PL account. Additionally, EPS will be greater than expected if extraordinary items were included since the EPS is used by investors to calculate PE ratio. The exclusion of extraordinary items could also lead to an increase in corporation tax. (1)(c) RECOGNISED GAINS AND LOSSES AND HISTORICAL COSTS Under the FRED 22 (revision of FRS3)which aim to reflect the international shift, makes provisions for reporting comprehensive income such as reporting all recognised gains and losses in a sole statement instead of splitting these gains and losses between the performance statement and the STRGL. There is a need for the display of recognised gains and losses as they are part of the company’s operating activities and some are financial in nature. There is a list of recognised gains and losses that should appear in the treasury section of the performance statement. According to Sky’s accounts for 2004 and 2005, there were no recognised gains or losses in either year other than those included within the profit and loss account. Primarily, statement of total recognised gains and losses are financial statements that enable users to consider all recognised gains and losses of a reporting company in assessing the company’s overall performance. Notes of historical costs are necessary as it identifies the resources acquired by the company at their original price. In effect, this identifies how the items are actually measured over a period. Additionally, it assists with the understanding of capital maintenance adjustments. Firstly, assets are recorded at the value of the consideration given to acquire them at the time of acquisition. Liabilities are recorded at the amount of proceeds received in exchange for the obligation. The purpose for this is to measure the process of determining the monetary amounts in which the element of the financial statements are to be recognised and carried in the balance sheet and in the income statement. (1)(d) CLASSIFICATION OF PREFERENCE SHARES AND DIVIDENDS According to the IAS 1 preference shares are reclassified to borrowings and the preference dividends are reclassified to finance costs. However, when preference shares are non-redeemable, the appropriate classification is determined by the rights attached to the preference shares. Classification is dependent upon an assessment of the substance of the contractual arrangements, equity instrument and the definition of financial liability. Furthermore, the classification of preference shares as an equity instrument or a financial liability is unaffected by a history of making distributions and an intention to make distribution in the future. Under IAS 10, a company must not recognise a liability for dividends in respect of dividends declared after the balance sheet date as it is not a current liability at the balance sheets date under IAS 37. In the event that a company purchases its preference shares for cancellation for more than their carrying amount (premium) then this should be treated as preferred dividend in the calculation of EPS. (2)(a) OBJECTIVES OF IAS 7 AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN IAS 7 FRS1 The structure of the IAS 7 had an influence on the revision of FRS 1. The objective of IAS 7 is that a cash flow statement of a company must correspond to the requirements and identifications under IAS1. In addition, the cash flow must identify movement in cash and cash equivalents during the financial period (cash equivalents are short term and highly liquid investments). Furthermore, there must be a provision identifying and classifying the changes in cash and cash equivalents to operating, investing and financing activities. In a number of cases, there are conflicting factors between the framework of the Financial Reporting Standards and the International Accounting Standards. In the event of conflict, the framework of the International Accounting Standards prevails over the Financial Reporting Standards. IAS 7 requires companies to present cash flow statements as part of a company’s financial statement. International Accounting Standards (IAS 7) is a mechanism that provide additional information on the company’s business activities, assess the present liquidity of the business activities, demonstrate substantial cash flow sources, assist with the estimation of future cash flows and finally will identify cash flow accumulated from trading activities rather than sources of finance. (2)(b) PREPARATION OF A CASH FLOW STATEMENT UNDER A DIRECT METHOD UNDER IAS7 FRS1 The following is a cash flow for Sky plc prepared in accordance with the direct method IAS 7: Notes for Guidance (1) Net profit before tax is taken from the extract of the income statement. (2) Depreciation is shown as a note to the income statement. (3) Loss on sale of the non-current asset; proceeds minus (cost less depreciation to date) see note A1 below. (4) Interest expense is shown on income statement. Changes in Working Capital Structure: Inventory, receivables and payables are differences in opening and closing balances shown on the balance sheet. Disposal Account ( £000’s) Non-Current Assets Notes: (A2, A3 and A4) The interest paid is the net interest cost shown on the income statement and is the 10% charge on loan notes shown on the balance sheet for June 2000. The dividend and tax paid in the year are those shown on the 1999 balance sheet extract under the heading Current Liabilities. (A5) Purchase of Non-Current Assets (A6 A7) Proceeds from the issue of shares and loan notes are the increases shown on the difference between the two balance sheet figures for 2004 and 2005. (A8) This is the net effect from operating activities  £7,975, net cash used in investing activities (8,525) and the net cash flow from financing activities 1,550. (A9) This is the bank figure under current assets 2004 balance sheet. (A10) Bank balance on 2005 balance sheet. (2)(c) ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPANY’S LIQUIDITY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INFORMATION ON THE CASH FLOW. Having examined the accounts and financial statements of Sky plc, there is clear evidence reflecting on the company’s liquidity level. Firstly, the measurement of the liquidity ratio revealed that the company was in healthy liquid position. Current Ratio= Current Assets / Current Liabilities Current Ratio of Sky = current assets  £1,830m/ current liabilities  £1,481m= 1.24 times The current ratio measures a company’s ability to meets its financial obligations as they fall due. A normal current ratio is two. Sky’s current ratio is relatively stable considering the type of industry of Sky plc. Acid Ratio= Current Assets- stock/current liabilities Acid Ratio of Sky= Current Assets  £1,830m- Stock  £627m/ Current liabilities  £1,482m=0.81 times The acid ratio clearly indicate that Sky has a high levels of stack and this also demonstrates that the current ratio overstated Sky’s ability to meet its financial obligations because of the inclusion of the stock in the numerator. The information provided in the cash flow, demonstrated clear evidence of liquidity in the flowing of cash. For example, there was a dramatic net increase in cash and cash equivalents of  £1,000m over a year. Furthermore, this indicate that the company’s economic activities are performing well in comparison to the previous year. However, amount  £8525m was invested in investing activities, this figure being greater than the company’s net cash flow from operating activities amounting to  £7975m. Nevertheless, the short fall in the financing of investing activity was meet by new issue of shares  £50m and issue of bank loans  £1500m. Inevitably, the bank loan increases company’s debt and the gearing level of the company. Nevertheless, over a year company’s bank balance increased from  £1250 to  £2250m. In conclusion, the accounts of Sky plc indicate substantial development but there are great expenditure resulting from investment in activities. However, there is not a real concern over the liquidity of the company nor any chances of bankruptcy. BIBLIOGRAPHY Cox .D. 1999 â€Å"Business Accounts† 2nd Edt Osborn Business Naylor.J. 1999 â€Å"Management† Financial Times Prentice Hall Pendlebury. M Groves .R . 2000 â€Å" Company Accounts, Analysis, Interpretation and Understanding† 5th Edt Thompson Russell. D et al 2002 â€Å"Cost Accounting an Essential Guide† Financial Times Prentice Hall. Watson . D Head. A. 2001 â€Å"Corporate Finance Principles and Practice† 2nd Edt Financial Times Prentice Hall.

To Kill A Mocking Bird : Children Are What They Learn (grade 10 Essay :: essays research papers fc

Children are often influenced by adults in their life. Children often receive advice and encouragement from their parents or adult figures. In Haper Lee's novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch helps, his daughter, Scout deal with situations, causing her to become a mature, open-minded individual. Scout learns about courage when Atticus sends her and Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose everyday. Scout learns to fight with her heads instead of her fists when Atticus is defending Tom Robinson. Scout finally learns what Atticus means when he says that you can't understand a person until you walk around in their skin. Atticus' influence shows in Scout accompanying Jem to Mrs. Dubose's. First, Scout learns about courage from Atticus. One can see this when Atticus sends her and Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose as a punishment for destroying her garden. Scout at first does not realize the courage Mrs. Dubose has. She thinks that she is just an angry, bitter old woman. Through going with Jem each day to her house, Scout finally discovers how courageous Mrs. Dubose is. One can see this when Atticus says, "‘I wanted you to see something about her – I wanted you to see what real courage is instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what'" (116). This quote clearly shows that Scout learns about courage through the influence of Atticus, as well as Mrs. Dubose. It shows that Atticus does his best to steer his children in the right direction so they will mature into kind, loving people. Atticus also influences Scout when he a sks her to fight with her head. Second, Scout learns how to fight with her head. One can see this when Atticus is talking to her about the Tom Robinson trail. He tells her that several people in the town will say mean things about him, and that instead of attacking them, or fighting them, Scout should ignore them. He tells her to hold her head up high. One can see this when Scout says, "Somehow, if I fought Cecil I would let Atticus down. Atticus so rarely asked Jem and me to do something for him, I could take being called a coward for him" (81). This quote illustrates that because of Atticus, Scout chose not to fight.

George Orwell Essay -- History Biography Biographies Essays

George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 at Motihari in British-occupied India. While growing up, he attended private schools in Sussex, Wellington and Eaton. He worked at the Imperial Indian Police until 1927 when he went to London to study the poverty stricken. He then moved to Paris where he wrote two lost novels. After he moved back to England he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London, Burmese Days, A Clergyman’s Daughter and Keep the Apidistra Flying. He published all four under the pseudonym George Orwell. He then married Eileen O’Shaughnessy and wrote The Road to Wigan Pier. Orwell then joined the Army and fought in the Spanish Civil War. He became a socialist revolutionary and wrote Homage to Catalina, Coming Up for Air, and in 1943, he wrote Animal Farm. It’s success ended Orwell’s financial troubles forever. In 1947 and 48 despite Tuberculosis, he wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four. He died in 1950 (Williams 7-15). This essay will show and prove to you that George Orwell’s life has influenced modern society a great deal. Biography In 1903, Eric Arthur Blair was born. Living in India until he was four, Blair and his family then moved to England and settled at Henley. At the age of eight, Blair was sent to a private school in Sussex, and he lived there, except on holidays, until he was thirteen. He went to two private secondary schools: Wellington(for one term) and Eaton (for four and a half years). After Eaton, Blair joined the Imperial Indian Police and was trained in Burma. He served there for nearly five years and then in 1927, while home on a leave, decided not to return. He later wrote that he had come to understand and reject the imperialism he was serving. He was stuck...between hatred of the empire and rage against the native people who opposed it, and made his immediate job more difficult. Blair, on his first six months of release, traveled to the East End to research the English poor. In Spring of 1928, he took a room in a working-class district of Paris. He wrote two novels, which have been lost, as well as publishing a number of articles in French and English, and later became ill with pneumonia. He then worked ten weeks as a dishwasher and kitchen porter, and later returned to England at the end of 1929. He used his parents’ home in Suffolk for writing and earned money from occasional articles and teaching. Bl... ...o is never swept away by his imagination.† Of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Fredric Warburg comments, â€Å"This is amongst the most terrifying books I have ever read†. â€Å"Mr. Orwell’s latest book, Nineteen Eighty-Four, can be approached either as a political argument or as an indictment of materialism cast in fictional form,† writes Harold Nicolson. â€Å"Mr. Orwell is in every way similar to Huxley, especially in his contempt for people, in his aim of slandering man,† reports Isaac Anisimov for the Pravda. CONCLUSION As you can see, George Orwell is one of the most beloved and respected authors in history. His works speak out against money, hypocrisy, poverty and injustice. His style has influenced many modern authors and will, most definitely, influence many more authors to come. WORKS CITED Calder, Jenni. Animal Farm & Nineteen Eighty-Four. Philadelphia:Milton Keynes, 1986. Meyers, Jeffery. George Orwell: The Critical Hertige. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975. Orwell, George. Animal Farm. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1982 Williams, Raymond. Orwell. London: Raymond Williams, 1991 Wykes, David. A Preface to Orwell. New York: Longman, Inc., 1987. George Orwell Essay -- History Biography Biographies Essays George Orwell Eric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 at Motihari in British-occupied India. While growing up, he attended private schools in Sussex, Wellington and Eaton. He worked at the Imperial Indian Police until 1927 when he went to London to study the poverty stricken. He then moved to Paris where he wrote two lost novels. After he moved back to England he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London, Burmese Days, A Clergyman’s Daughter and Keep the Apidistra Flying. He published all four under the pseudonym George Orwell. He then married Eileen O’Shaughnessy and wrote The Road to Wigan Pier. Orwell then joined the Army and fought in the Spanish Civil War. He became a socialist revolutionary and wrote Homage to Catalina, Coming Up for Air, and in 1943, he wrote Animal Farm. It’s success ended Orwell’s financial troubles forever. In 1947 and 48 despite Tuberculosis, he wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four. He died in 1950 (Williams 7-15). This essay will show and prove to you that George Orwell’s life has influenced modern society a great deal. Biography In 1903, Eric Arthur Blair was born. Living in India until he was four, Blair and his family then moved to England and settled at Henley. At the age of eight, Blair was sent to a private school in Sussex, and he lived there, except on holidays, until he was thirteen. He went to two private secondary schools: Wellington(for one term) and Eaton (for four and a half years). After Eaton, Blair joined the Imperial Indian Police and was trained in Burma. He served there for nearly five years and then in 1927, while home on a leave, decided not to return. He later wrote that he had come to understand and reject the imperialism he was serving. He was stuck...between hatred of the empire and rage against the native people who opposed it, and made his immediate job more difficult. Blair, on his first six months of release, traveled to the East End to research the English poor. In Spring of 1928, he took a room in a working-class district of Paris. He wrote two novels, which have been lost, as well as publishing a number of articles in French and English, and later became ill with pneumonia. He then worked ten weeks as a dishwasher and kitchen porter, and later returned to England at the end of 1929. He used his parents’ home in Suffolk for writing and earned money from occasional articles and teaching. Bl... ...o is never swept away by his imagination.† Of Nineteen Eighty-Four, Fredric Warburg comments, â€Å"This is amongst the most terrifying books I have ever read†. â€Å"Mr. Orwell’s latest book, Nineteen Eighty-Four, can be approached either as a political argument or as an indictment of materialism cast in fictional form,† writes Harold Nicolson. â€Å"Mr. Orwell is in every way similar to Huxley, especially in his contempt for people, in his aim of slandering man,† reports Isaac Anisimov for the Pravda. CONCLUSION As you can see, George Orwell is one of the most beloved and respected authors in history. His works speak out against money, hypocrisy, poverty and injustice. His style has influenced many modern authors and will, most definitely, influence many more authors to come. WORKS CITED Calder, Jenni. Animal Farm & Nineteen Eighty-Four. Philadelphia:Milton Keynes, 1986. Meyers, Jeffery. George Orwell: The Critical Hertige. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975. Orwell, George. Animal Farm. Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1982 Williams, Raymond. Orwell. London: Raymond Williams, 1991 Wykes, David. A Preface to Orwell. New York: Longman, Inc., 1987.

Victor Frankenstein’s Obsession in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

The most prevalent theme in Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is that of obsession. Throughout the novel there are constant reminders of the struggles that Victor Frankenstein and his monster have endured. Many of their problems are brought upon by themselves by an obsessive drive for knowledge, secrecy, fear, and ultimately revenge. From the onset of Victor’s youth, his earliest memories are those of â€Å"Curiosity, earnest research to learn the hidden laws of nature, gladness akin to rapture, as they were unfolded to me, are among the earliest sensations I can remember† (ch. 4) This is the first example of obsession that we see in the novel. This drive to learn the ‘hidden’ laws of nature is the original driving force that sets the plot in motion. Without this, Victor would have never embarked on his unholy quest to overcome mortality, thus leading to his creation of his monster. â€Å"Dr. Victor Frankenstein feels uncontrollably compelled to create animation in the lifeless body† (Storment) this obsession with the creation of life alienated him from his loved ones. His impending marriage to Elizabeth was one aspect of his life that he sacrificed. In chapter 22, Elizabeth writes to him â€Å"Tell me, dearest Victor. Answer me, I conjure you by our mutual happiness, with simple truth-- Do you not love another?† Elizabeth’s concern about his faithfulness is based on his neglect of their relationship. He simply did not allow any other aspect of his life to impede his goal. Victor Frankenstein is ultimately successful in his endeavor to create life. This, however, does not stop the underlying theme of obsession. Shelley’s shift from Victor’s never-ending quest for knowledge is replaced with an obsession of secrecy. â€Å"I had worked har... ...his mental strength, taking its toll, leaving him incapacitated for months on end. The final compulsion to destroy his daemon takes him to the end of existence. Exhausted from his relentless pursuit, he dies without ever obtaining the closure that he was searching for. â€Å"Victor Frankenstein’s life was destroyed because of an obsession with the power to create life where none had been before† (Moring) Shelley leaves us pondering the question, when does obsession cross the line into insanity? Works Cited Moring, Patrick. Who is the Monster? California State University, Northridge. n.d.Web. 31 Oct. 2014. Storment, Suzanna. Frankenstein Commentary. Washington State University. n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. Page By Page Books. Read Classic Books Online, Free. n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2014.

Love Song of J.Alfrrd Prufrock Notes

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock â€Å"A reader’s response to a text is influenced by that responder’s social, cultural and historical context† Choosing one of T. S Eliot’s poems set for study, consider to what extent your personal response to your chosen poem has been shaped by the enduring power of its intellectual and artistic qualities. (Quote) â€Å"There will be time, there will be time To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;† Good morning /Afternoon Ms and fellow classmates. A reader’s personal response to a text is shaped by the enduring power of its intellectual and artistic qualities.Their response is influenced by that responder’s social, cultural and historical context which is why texts including ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ can be interpreted in various ways by various people. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‘, was composed by poet T. S Eliot. Born in St Louis Missouri U SA, he attended Harvard University in 1906 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ was the earliest of T. S Eliot’s major works and was completed between 1910 and 1911.It is an examination of the tortured mind of the prototypical modern man – eloquent, neurotic and emotionally stilted. The ideas and themes explored and their relevance to us today: In ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ there are various themes, symbols and ideas explored. The damaged mind of humanity and the changing nature of gender roles are two of the main themes explored in the poem. Like many modernist writers, Eliot wanted to capture the transformed world which he perceived as fractured and denigrated and also wanted his poetry to express the fragile psychological state of humanity in the twentieth century.In the poem ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ Prufrock, the poems persona, is constantly quest ioning the romantic ideal of society; wondering whether he should make a radical change, or if he has the fortitude to continue living demonstrating a sense of indecisive paralysis in the persona. This is seen when Prufrock, unable to make decisions, watches women wander in and out of a room, â€Å"talking of Michelangelo. † Humanity’s collectively damaged psyche prevented people from communicating with one another, an idea that is clearly evident in Eliot’s poem.This also reflects the theme of the changing nature of gender roles, over the course of Eliot’s life, gender roles and sexuality became increasingly flexible, and Eliot reflected those changes in his work, including ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’. Prufrock is unable to talk to women and fears rejection, this conveys the feeling of emasculation experienced by many men as they returned home from World War 1, which was during Eliot’s time, to find women empowered by their new role as wage earners. These themes evident throughout ‘The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock’ are relevant in today’s contemporary society. Women constantly faced oppression which was seen as conventional in society in the twentieth century, men were the bread winners while women left school early to stay at home and raise children. Throughout history, especially in Eliot’s time, society transformed and women fought back against this inequality, discrimination and injustice in all its forms which led to The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopting the convention of the equal rights of men and women.This period of revolution is why today, in most parts of the world, women’s rights and freedoms are supported by law and they are no longer ignored or suppressed. The unusual independence from men shown in the women in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is what cause a shift in society and history and is also why today women have th e right to vote, attend school, earn the same wage as men, and even lead a nation. Your response to the poem as compared to Eliot’s time: My own personal response to ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ was, at first, complete confusion as I was unable to understand what it was that Eliot was trying to convey.I soon realised that Prufrock, the poems persona, was psyche Your time and place, reflecting upon the ways in which context has shaped your response to the text: Prufrock, the poems persona, seems to be addressing a potential lover, with whom he would like to â€Å"force the moment to its crisis† by consummating their relationship. But Prufrock knows too much of life to â€Å"dare† and approach the woman: in his mind he hears the comments others make about his inadequacies. The poem moves from a series of fairly concrete physical settings – a cityscape with several interiors- to a series of vague ocean images onveying Prufrock emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognise his second-rate status. â€Å"Prufrock† is powerful for its range of intellectual reference and also vividness of character achieved. The modernist movement and the new perception of the world at the time along with the desire to create something new was one of the main influences in Eliot’s work. Modernist texts emerged in the early 20th century and were influenced by developments in psychoanalysis and anthropology , by social reforms and by the growing industrialisation and mechanisation of society.Modernist texts such as Eliot’s are more interested in representing the inner life of characters. For modernists the process of artistic creation exposed the alienation and displacement that individuals often experience in modern, industrial society. Other influences on Eliot’s work were the changes in religion, evident in Journey of the Magi, his questioning of traditional political paradigms and the way soci ety worked and how it was structured. It is evident that there is use of dramatic monologue throughout Eliot’s piece which helps to express a condition of instability.The epigraph to this poem is from Dante’s Inferno and describes Prufrock’s ideal listener; one who is as lost as the speaker and will not betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions. In the world Prufrock describes, though, no such sympathetic figure exists, and he must, therefore, be content with silent reflection. Using fictional personalities such as J. Alfred Prufrock to express a state of inner turmoil or a multiplicity of selves contained within one person. J.Alfred Prufrock is not just the speaker of one of Eliot’s poems, he is the representative man of early modernism. Shy, cultivated and oversensitive, the speakers of his poems are trapped inside their own excessive alertiveness. The general fragmentation of the poem is obvious and notorious. The poem se ems a perfect example of what Terry Eagleton calls â€Å"the modern transition from metaphor to metonym ; unable any longer to totalise his experience in some heroic figure, the bourgeois is forced to let trickle away into objects related to him by sheer contiguity. Eliot was interested in the divide between high and low culture â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† is, as the title, implies a song, with various lines repeated as refrains. That poem ends with the song of mermaids luring humans to their deaths by drowning—a scene that echoes Odysseus’s interactions with the Sirens in the Odyssey. Music thus becomes another way in which Eliot collages and references books from past literary traditions. Eliot chooses to make Prufrock an unacknowledged poet

Research on Tobacco Smoking Essay

AbstractThe aim of this enquiry sick is to test the hypothesis that tobacco plant plant plant pot is adversely coining the wellness of unhatched babies among expectant women in Barking and Dagenham c each in in with child(predicate) women appear to be to a greater ex cardinalt vulnerable than non sens enceinte women to numerous adverse consequences of tobacco hummer. hummer during gestation is associated with many a(prenominal) black and neo-natal problems much(prenominal) as low prolong weight, pre-term delivery, pla centa damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It apprize as well as be the ca mapping of respiratory problems such as toilet table infections and can alter asthma in early babies. sens expectant women achieve laid-backer concentrations of ni fingerstalline and degree Celsius monoxide in their agate line and be enumerate to a greater extent impaired than non sess enceinte women afterwards skunk equivalent amounts of tob acco.The convey has single-valued function uncreated and thirdhand seek to support its findings. The questionnaire albeit a very microscopic botch up section of the population, established that tobacco use is more prevalent among heater large(predicate) women than non take significant women in Barking and Dagenham. In my sentiment, 60 sh be of tobacco green goddess with child(predicate) women reported consume tail end, two hundred sh beage commode cigars, 10 pct pipe tobacco, and 10 percent of another(prenominal) types of tobacco per day on average.The unoriginal research was based on studies and surveys that the the piece of big(predicate) women who hummer has been falling steadily in recent yrs. No unitary can deny that start turn let unwrapting grass it is a herculean process. Even so, many enceinte women give up have for easily during motherhood. More everyplace, significant women who give up take in early in maternal quality and who adjoin encouragement from their voxners and from midwives are just about apparent to be prospering in meet permanent non- peckrs.IntroductionThis research project leave alone be discussing the hypothesis that tobacco plant smoking is adversely affecting the wellness of unborn babies among significant women. The expression adversely is defined within the literature review, victimization evidence from tributary source real(a). It ordain debate the discernments, affects, consequences, disadvantages of tobacco smoking among pregnant women and Government advice and consequence of tobacco and how deadly it is to babies and their wellness. In addendum to this material, a bantam scale research component has been include which gos to an evaluation of twain the primary and secondary sources.LITERATURE REVIEWIn declination 1998, the Department of wellness published roll of tobacco Kills a White Paper on tobacco, which set out practical measures to fasten smoking among me n, women, children and approximately particular women with pregnancy. dresser for national statistics 2008 2009, smoking related conduct and attitude. heater is the inhalation of the smoke of animated tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. umpteen health experts now regard accustomed smoking as a mental addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. McCoy. K, baccy smoking summon 226.For some hatful its be courtship they believe that they cant live without the effects of smoking, such as relieving stress and well-favoured pleasure. For others its be earn smoking is associated with fun and social activities, such as a break from work or meeting with friends in the pub. McConoile. B, Women and pregnancy part 3- foliate 196.Everyone has different reasons for smoking and tobacco is used to fill many needs. about of the key reasons are the physical, mad and psychological effects that cigarettes commit they can in like manner be used as a tool w hen socialising. Fintan O Toole, health interchangeable Article- Life & Style, The Guardian 19/12/2008. consume is used as a way to suppress uncomfortable incurings, and smoking is used to alleviate stress, calm nerves, and relax. No wonder that when you are deprived of smoking, your sagaciousness and soundbox are unsettled for a little while. (Kirkup, J, Daily Telegraph 22 February 2008, smoking and hazards.The habit of cigarette smoking is often used to tranquilize emotional issues like anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem. In addition, smoking provides comfort to people with conditions of continuing pain and depression. Smokers with emotional stress or chronic pain often twine to smoking as an attempt to action their pain. Dr. Annette, October 15, 2009, why people smoke cigarettes.Smokers often say that lighting up a cigarette can calm their nerves, satisfy their cravings, and help them feel energized. Indeed, nicotine in tobacco joins on to receptors in your brain that going feel good chemicals that can restore you feel calm and energized all at once. have acts as a drug, motivator a feeling of well-being with severally puff. Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management varlet 89. skunk is a way to overturn feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, grief, and anxiety. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished partially by means of the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain. Moor. S, The Journal 23 serve 2006. consort to a breeding carried at the University of Nottingham by the Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium, pregnant women who smoke put the lives of their unborn babies at risk. This study was funded by the British knocker fanny and strongly supports the opinion of many star experts who advise that expectant yields should quit smoking whilst pregnant.- NHS, Information Centre, family 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS give out Smoking assistants.Out of the total 1001 women, 38.8 percent smokers delivered premature babies as compared to 21.3 percent of non-smokers. 46.1 percent of smokers delivered low give weight babies when compared to 27.9 percent non-smokers. 65.6 percent of smokers delivered babies with adverse conditions when compared to 60 percent of former smokers and 50.4 percent of non-smokers Heath Express, declination 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsiaThe near recent CDC survey (from 2008) showed that more than 1 in 6 American women venerable 18 years or erstwhile(a) (18.3%) consume cigarettes. The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women (22.4%), followed by ashen (20.6%), African-American (17.8%), Hispanic (10.7%), and Asian women (4.7%). CDC womens health publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women.Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can be boldnesss be the cau se of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young children. CDC womens health publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. tobacco plant use accounts for come outly 1 in 3 crabmeat deaths. Tens of thousands of women pass on die this year from lung genus Cancer, which has shot past breast cancer as the hint cause of cancer death among women. Almost 90% of these lung cancer deaths pull up stakes be due to smoking. ACS, March 2001, Women and SmokingWhen the mother smokes, so does the baby. Smokers take in poisons such as nicotine and atomic consequence 6 monoxide (the same gas that comes out of a cars exhaust pipe). These poisons get into the placenta, which is the tissue that connects the mother and the baby before it is born. These poisons keep theunborn baby from acquiring the food and oxygen needed to grow. Partnerships for a Tobacco- let off Maine, 2010, Parent smoking among pregnant women.New studies show that i f a womans partner smokes near her during her pregnancy, on that point are added risks. It is best for the mother, baby, and entire family to quit tobacco. If family and friends continue to smoke the pregnant mother should ask them not to smoke near her. Lungs UK, 2010 Mothers smoking among pregnant women.Due to smoking habits among pregnant women, about 4000 fatal deaths lapse every year. It similarly includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women overly leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is withal another good reason why women who are pregnant should find giving up. Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia.Women who smoke greatly enlarge their risk of snapper ailment (the confidential information killer among women) and stroke. Risk goes up with the figure of cigarettes smoked and the length o f time a woman has been smoking. Even though most of the women who die of heart disease are past menopause, smoking increases the risk more in younger women than in old women. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking.Heart disease and diseases of the blood vessels (cardiovascular disease) are more common in women who smoke than in those who dont. investigate indicates that women who smoke and also use hormonal contraceptives nurture a particularly high risk of developing heart disease or blood clots that can lead to stroke. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy.Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in UK. One out of 5 smokers, chase a gruelling history of lung diseases including pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis and COPD with in conclusion die from cancer associated with smoking. Champix 2008, mark smoking and champix.Smoking also increases the risk of many other types of cancer other than lung cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, pancreas, kidney, bladder, breast, and cervix. Heart Attacks, individuals that smoke are six multiplication more likely to experience a heart attack when compared to individuals that choose not to smoke. Powell. J, drug Abuse (Emotional Health forces 2007) foliate 27.Smoking also promotes the maturement free radicals which are highly unstable molecules that cause disease and damage to cell DNA. The cells of your body start behaving erratically producing a start out of responses that make your skin age faster. BBC News,Thursday, 28 December, 2006, Cigarettes Smoking effects.If you smoke more than a 1/2 pack of cigarette per day for over six months you obligate a one in triplet chance that you impart not complete to previous levels in the bedroom, inability to perform, inability to a achieve, inability to maintain an erection. Lamb. K, Health Issue 2001, Cigarettes smoking.Research carried out by Oxford University estimated that smoking cost the NHS in the UK 5.2 one mill ion million in 2005/06, approximately 5.5% of total healthcare costs4. This updates the estimated cost of between 1.4 and 1.5 billion a year, estimated by research carried out by the Oxford University. Statistics, Health, 2001, Smoking Related Behaviour & Attitudes.In 2008, it is estimated that almost one in five deaths in England of people over 35 years of age were due to smoking. everywhere a third of all deaths from respiratory diseases and almost three in ten of all deaths from cancers in this population are estimated to be caused by smoking. A high proportion of smoking attributed deaths were seen for men compared to women. Oxford Journal, 2008, script 105, Number 41, Cancer Risk for Smoker.Dr Miriam Stoppard verbalise motherliness can be a particularly difficult time to stop smoking and rather than stigmatising these women, we should be channelize them to their local NHS Stop Smoking Service for expert advice and support. BBC News, Wednesday, 4 February 2009, Health, pregnant smokers fear criticism.The total modus operandi of successful quitters delivered by NHS Stop Smoking Services between 2003/04 and 2005/06 was 832,700. The Department of Health Priorities and Planning Framework (PPF) target of 800,000 successful quitters over this period was achieved.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services.The number of women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy.Women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. BBC News, 2007, Health issue, smoking, and pregnancy.The Smoking and Health (ASH) and the British Medical connector (BMA) estimate that up to 120,000 men over 30 years old obtain fro m impotence as a disconfirming effect of smoking. This figure is likely to be very conservative, because it does not include impotence due to previous smoking in men who no longer smoke. dominance of the national statistics 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking.The proportion of adults who smoked cigarettes fell substantially in the seventies and the early 1980s from 45 per cent in 1974 to 35 per cent in 1982. After 1982 it declined gradually until the early 1990s, levelling out during the 1990s. It past fell smoothly from 28 per cent in 1998/99 to 24 per cent in 2005. Office of the national statistics 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking.ObjectiveThe objective of this research project is to test the hypothesis that, Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women. With the use of primary and secondary research to test the supra mentioned hypothesis, there go away be an dialect on relevant literature such as journals, studies, surveys and st atistics, both independent and governmental. In addition to this literature, the projects questionnaire will add another dimension to the research giving it more essence and qualification it more satisfactory. The outcome of the project is to have basic knowledge and awareness of the risk of tobacco smoking to pregnant women who smokes and also the dangerous effect to the unborn babies. systemThe research project shall engross both primary and secondary research and then evaluate both sources and produce a conclusion of results.The primary research will consist of a questionnaire, the unexpended unidentified is to protect the identity of the participants. Consequently, making them feel comfortable so that their answers will be as frank as possible. When all the gathered information is collected, comparisons can be made to determine my hypothesis. Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women on.There will only be a small sample of questio nnaires to process the results. Therefore, it will not be a true objurgation of society and its trends. The results from the survey will not have any significance on a national level, although, the participants do come from verity backgrounds and a meander of nationalities.The study for secondary research will be produced from pertinent literature that will be reviewed and documented, the use of applicable radio and tv programs and appropriate web sites. By employ these informative mediums a deeper netherstanding and better(p) insight into this much argued topic will be gained.In the process of carrying out this research, a lot of issues were put into favor especially the ethnicity and nationality of respondents.ResultsThe primary research consisted of the 15 questionnaires being distributed, 12 smoking pregnant women responded showing their ages to range from 18 to 40 years and 8 another non smoking pregnant women responded also showing their ages to range form 18 40 years. The survey report presents the finding of research into young women excessive drinking in Barking and Dagenham. In recent years there has been arise concern about the prevalence of smokers behaviour, especially among pregnant women.Smoking among pregnant women has also increases the risk of many other types of diseases that have led to the death of their babies. Smoking habits among pregnant women is intolerable, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up.picEvaluationThe structure of the questionnaire was to establish where and how pregnant women indulge in tobacco smoking, workaday intake of tobacco, consequences of tobacco and the awareness of the affect of tobacco to their unborn babies, and the medical efforts and advice to master frequent intake of tobacco among pregnant women.The research shows that majority of pregnant women goes into smoking because of motley reasons. My research shows that pregnant women smoke to be sociable with their friends, boredom, stress, relaxation, parent modulate and also family twist.According to the result of my research, lux percent agreed that they were suffering from the side effect of smoking tobacco. Majority of them complained of various illness and side effect of tobacco such as constant headache, coughing, hoarseness of breath, wheezing, coughing mucus or blood, ironic and wet cough, fever, chest discomfort, foetal development problems, and brain damage and other loathly complication to unborn child, according to pregnant women.The research also shows that the respondents who filled out my questionnaire agreed that they have loss their near ones through tobacco smoking all b y asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, heart disease, stroke, lungs disease, complication during pregnancy and many other diseases resulting from tobacco smoking.The hypothesis has been proven through this evidence produced in the primary and secondary research that tobacco smoking is unavoidable, and it will be extremely difficult to whitlow it in the society. The only possible result to this problem is to continue to make universal publication about the severe influence and the harms it can cause to their foetus and the unborn babies.Figure1Age Range that Smoke during pregnancyFigure 2Tobacco usance during PregnancyFigure 3Ranges of Smoking and Non Smoking during PregnancyFigure 4Reasons for SmokingFigure 5 absolute frequency of Smoking during PregnancyFigure 6Types of Tobacco Smoking by large(predicate) WomenBibliographyLiteratureFirth. L, 2001, Smoking Problem, Volume 43, metalworker University, Published The Independence Royston. A, Tobacco fall upon to Say No Oxford, publisher Heinemann library Lamb. K, Tobacco Smoking Health Issue 2001, London, Publisher White ThomsonWechsler. H, PhD and Wuethrich. B, 2002, Addicted to Smoking Tackling the Diseases Published by World contain USA. Plant. M, and Plant. M, 2006, Smoking in Britain Drugs and the National Response, Publisher Oxford University Press. Dr, Mapstone. J, Acting Director of Public Health, November 2007, Smoking and Pregnancy, Glasgow, Publisher The independence Ward. M, 1998, caring for individual with drugs Addicts (carer handbook series) Publisher Age disturbance Hamilton. K, 1999, Drugs and Pregnancy your body (Healthy Body) London, Publisher Hodder WaylandJournalsParker. Colins, Tutor, 2010 sackMoor. S, The Journal 23 March 2006. universe of Drugs Student 2007 Issue 2.McConoile. B, Pregnant women under Tobacco influence part 2- foliate 186.McCoy. K, & Dr. Wibbelsman. C, The teenager health varlet 148 Powell. J, Pregnancy and drug Abuse (Emotional Health Issues 2008) page 13.Foster. R.K, and Marriott, 2006, Women and Pregnancy, volume 31 Issue 4, page 286 308Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management page 64.Internetnews.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/3121440smokingissues.co.uk/know-your-limits-responsible homemed4u.co.uk/ /Smoking-tobacco-causes-death.aspsurreyhypnosisclinic.co.uk/ Drugs-HypnosisinCamberleyww.nhs.uk/Livewell/smoking/ Pages/Effectsofdrugs.aspxwww.guardian.co.uk/uk/ pregnancy/feedarticle/8491829www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1537484/tobacco-smoking-among-pregnant womenwww.independent.co.uk/ life-style/health-and-families/health-news/smokingwww.smokingissues.co.uk/ uk-s-relationship-with-tobaccol.htmlwww.nhs.uk/Livewell/pregnancyl/ Pages/Effectsoftobaccol.aspx www.ias.org.uk/resources/ factsheets/pregnancy/smoking.pdf

Islam and the Muslims Essay

In September 2005 Danish brand-newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 vignettes including a caricature of Muhammad in a bomb-shaped toque with an ignited fuse. This sparked a huge line that touch Moslems and Non-Muslims parts of the world. For the Muslims it was a portrayal of the prophet, Islam and the Muslims as terrorists. They fe bed that the cartoons ability create an anti-Muslim attitude. The Jyllands-Posten apologized and the cartoonist explained that the cartoon was a protest of summercaterdamentalistic adaptations of Islam that terrorists use to base their comprises on.In citing Free Speech, Jyllands-Posten had go across the bounds of sensitivity to and respect for other mints faith or religion. The issue should non be solely taken in the boundary of the Danish system. Religion is universal and is held sacred by the believers. A bomb on Mohammads cope is blasphemous. Given that a number of extremists and fundamentalists have utilise the teachings of Islam as shield of their terrorist acts, it would be most unsporting to say that entirely Muslims behave and believe as they do.The Organization of the Islamic Conference ref utilize to heed the clamoring for death for the cartoonist even if Muslims felt that the cartoon was an offend to Muhammad. Those who thought the cartoons are non-issue as far-off as discrimination of Muslims is concerned is totally disgusting. Does devising fun of all ghostly icons and symbolisms, exempting no one, a legal and moral excuse? Of course it does non. Doing it to all makes it all the more wrong. To the Muslims, Muhammad is revered. He is infallible.To treat him desire a cartoon character to elicit fun or humor is not acceptable, it is contemptible. The Danish political sciences response to the request for redress by certain Muslim sectors was passive. The courts of law where the prime minister, thru letter, referred them to were similarly evasive. Citing the wide scope of Freedom of Expression in Denmark, they refused to sanction Jyllands-Posten. The courts found no criminal act in the cartoons, for as long as the interpretation of Free Speech included public sake and respect for human rights.The courts were unilaterally in estimation of the journalists and cartoonists. What justice left out and disregarded is the Muslim minoritys interest in circumstance and the Muslims human right to their religious beliefs, in general. The reaction or non-reaction of the Danish slew and government in the controversy is uncharacteristic of a nation that has been ranked by the Reporters Without Borders as merry-go-round in Worldwide Press Freedom power for 2005. There should be a certain tier of self-restraint in any freedom. It should seek to create, not to destroy.A subject like Religion essential be treated with respect and tolerance. It should not be open to debates, opinions and critiques. World reaction to the controversy was predictable. The Muslim countries would be indignan t. Denmark would suffer the backlash. Egypt helped diffused the situation in the Middle East. America looked the other way by accusing Syria and Iran of organizing protests and of buying Danish goods after a Muslim boycott. Judging by these reactions, the cartoon controversy was just the tip of the iceberg.Deep-seated political emotions are in the issue. The Muslim terrorists politically-motivated acts became religious issues in the cartoon controversy. That the terrorists were Muslims, Islam and Muhammad became the targets of caricaturing. Free Speech has taken a new form. It goes without limit, and anything and everything is fair game. What holds true for Denmark is made to be recognised by the Muslim minority in Denmark and the Muslim majority in the world. Religious figures, beliefs and practices must be left alone.They must not be used as side or main issues in any controversy. The only way to handle differences in religious beliefs is tolerance and respect. One must not be rid iculed and persecuted for his religious convictions. We must learn from the lessons of history. act of terrorism must be dealt with a different nevertheless civilized option.ReferenceJyllands-Posten Muhhammad Cartoons Controvery, Wikipedia (20 February 2007), http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jylalnds_posten_cartoon_controversy, date accessed 23. Februrary 2007.

Critical Review of On Coffee Talk and Break-Room Chatter: Perceptions of Women Who Gossip in the Workplace

Farley, Timme, and Harts (2010) name describes a study, which investigated the perceptions of pistillate clickers in spite of appearance the workplace. rough viosterol students were asked to know an online survey, 87 of whom (aged from 23 to 64) absolute every 54 items. A questionnaire was conducted which include demographic items, and the subscales of a modify FIRO-B. Participants were every which way allocated to a specify and were asked to rec all all over of a egg-producing(prenominal) fel minor worker who a great deal or r bely contributes controvert randomness active otherwise quite a little during intercourse (Farley et al. p. 365) and so tax the indicate victimisation a modified strain of Schutzs (1958) FIRO-B, which is a mensuration legal document that contains sextette scales of nine-item questions (cited in Farley et al, 2010). Participants so judged the distaff workfel crushed-spirited on a five-point Likert-Type scale. The results showed that lofty blabers were rated as needing to tell more(prenominal) apply than pitiable gossipers. The participants alike rated the noble gossipers as absentminded others to find them little than humb take gossipers.Furthermore, utmost gossipers were rated as slight(prenominal) emotionally shut down with their peers than low gossipers. These findings advocate the venture that laid-back gossipers would scram elevated ratings on the excerpt confine belongings than low gossipers. The results likewise confine the hypothesis that high gossipers would be rated as less probably to trust others to move forward ply over them than low gossipers. Farley et al. s (2010) taste require a weakened phase of critiquing. For one, it uses a abject sort of participants, as the sampling is in like manner tighten to birth whatever significant generalizations.Participants were recruited via email. This system of appellation would gift led to unbalanced groups in scathe of demographic characteristics much(prenominal) as contrastive ages and sexual activity (cited in Farley et al, 2010). elderly hoi polloi whitethorn be more judgmental of gossiping than junior mess consequently this may block off the last results. Also, the examineer exclusively apply females in the questionnaire, outline on the apologue that the absolute majority of gossipers are females because it does non vulgarise to everyone in the workplace.There may tumesce direct been an fundamental interaction nub amidst gossipers and sexual activity at that placefore males as headspring as females should occupy been include in the questionnaire. Furthermore, I am not cheery with how the authors delimitate gossip in point there is no soak up literary argument delineating gossip. The privation of the experimenters crack over the freelance inconsistent quantity (gender) makes it a vitrine variable as irrelevant to a manipulated variable, so it is a similar experiment and you cannot educe reason from the results.