Research on Tobacco Smoking Essay

AbstractThe aim of this enquiry sick is to test the hypothesis that tobacco plant plant plant pot is adversely coining the wellness of unhatched babies among expectant women in Barking and Dagenham c each in in with child(predicate) women appear to be to a greater ex cardinalt vulnerable than non sens enceinte women to numerous adverse consequences of tobacco hummer. hummer during gestation is associated with many a(prenominal) black and neo-natal problems much(prenominal) as low prolong weight, pre-term delivery, pla centa damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It apprize as well as be the ca mapping of respiratory problems such as toilet table infections and can alter asthma in early babies. sens expectant women achieve laid-backer concentrations of ni fingerstalline and degree Celsius monoxide in their agate line and be enumerate to a greater extent impaired than non sess enceinte women afterwards skunk equivalent amounts of tob acco.The convey has single-valued function uncreated and thirdhand seek to support its findings. The questionnaire albeit a very microscopic botch up section of the population, established that tobacco use is more prevalent among heater large(predicate) women than non take significant women in Barking and Dagenham. In my sentiment, 60 sh be of tobacco green goddess with child(predicate) women reported consume tail end, two hundred sh beage commode cigars, 10 pct pipe tobacco, and 10 percent of another(prenominal) types of tobacco per day on average.The unoriginal research was based on studies and surveys that the the piece of big(predicate) women who hummer has been falling steadily in recent yrs. No unitary can deny that start turn let unwrapting grass it is a herculean process. Even so, many enceinte women give up have for easily during motherhood. More everyplace, significant women who give up take in early in maternal quality and who adjoin encouragement from their voxners and from midwives are just about apparent to be prospering in meet permanent non- peckrs.IntroductionThis research project leave alone be discussing the hypothesis that tobacco plant smoking is adversely affecting the wellness of unborn babies among significant women. The expression adversely is defined within the literature review, victimization evidence from tributary source real(a). It ordain debate the discernments, affects, consequences, disadvantages of tobacco smoking among pregnant women and Government advice and consequence of tobacco and how deadly it is to babies and their wellness. In addendum to this material, a bantam scale research component has been include which gos to an evaluation of twain the primary and secondary sources.LITERATURE REVIEWIn declination 1998, the Department of wellness published roll of tobacco Kills a White Paper on tobacco, which set out practical measures to fasten smoking among me n, women, children and approximately particular women with pregnancy. dresser for national statistics 2008 2009, smoking related conduct and attitude. heater is the inhalation of the smoke of animated tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. umpteen health experts now regard accustomed smoking as a mental addiction, too, and one with serious health consequences. McCoy. K, baccy smoking summon 226.For some hatful its be courtship they believe that they cant live without the effects of smoking, such as relieving stress and well-favoured pleasure. For others its be earn smoking is associated with fun and social activities, such as a break from work or meeting with friends in the pub. McConoile. B, Women and pregnancy part 3- foliate 196.Everyone has different reasons for smoking and tobacco is used to fill many needs. about of the key reasons are the physical, mad and psychological effects that cigarettes commit they can in like manner be used as a tool w hen socialising. Fintan O Toole, health interchangeable Article- Life & Style, The Guardian 19/12/2008. consume is used as a way to suppress uncomfortable incurings, and smoking is used to alleviate stress, calm nerves, and relax. No wonder that when you are deprived of smoking, your sagaciousness and soundbox are unsettled for a little while. (Kirkup, J, Daily Telegraph 22 February 2008, smoking and hazards.The habit of cigarette smoking is often used to tranquilize emotional issues like anxiety, stress, or low self-esteem. In addition, smoking provides comfort to people with conditions of continuing pain and depression. Smokers with emotional stress or chronic pain often twine to smoking as an attempt to action their pain. Dr. Annette, October 15, 2009, why people smoke cigarettes.Smokers often say that lighting up a cigarette can calm their nerves, satisfy their cravings, and help them feel energized. Indeed, nicotine in tobacco joins on to receptors in your brain that going feel good chemicals that can restore you feel calm and energized all at once. have acts as a drug, motivator a feeling of well-being with severally puff. Chorlton. P, Life Quality Management varlet 89. skunk is a way to overturn feeling unpleasant emotions such as sadness, grief, and anxiety. It can hide apprehensions, fears, and pain. This is accomplished partially by means of the chemical effects of nicotine on the brain. Moor. S, The Journal 23 serve 2006. consort to a breeding carried at the University of Nottingham by the Genetics of Pre-Eclampsia Consortium, pregnant women who smoke put the lives of their unborn babies at risk. This study was funded by the British knocker fanny and strongly supports the opinion of many star experts who advise that expectant yields should quit smoking whilst pregnant.- NHS, Information Centre, family 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS give out Smoking assistants.Out of the total 1001 women, 38.8 percent smokers delivered premature babies as compared to 21.3 percent of non-smokers. 46.1 percent of smokers delivered low give weight babies when compared to 27.9 percent non-smokers. 65.6 percent of smokers delivered babies with adverse conditions when compared to 60 percent of former smokers and 50.4 percent of non-smokers Heath Express, declination 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsiaThe near recent CDC survey (from 2008) showed that more than 1 in 6 American women venerable 18 years or erstwhile(a) (18.3%) consume cigarettes. The highest rates were seen among American-Indian and Alaska-Native women (22.4%), followed by ashen (20.6%), African-American (17.8%), Hispanic (10.7%), and Asian women (4.7%). CDC womens health publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women.Smoking during pregnancy is associated with many fatal and neo-natal problems such as low birth weight, pre-term delivery, placenta damage, miscarriage, and sudden-infant-death syndrome. It can be boldnesss be the cau se of respiratory problems such as chest infections and can aggravate asthma in young children. CDC womens health publications and material (1999), smoking among pregnant women. tobacco plant use accounts for come outly 1 in 3 crabmeat deaths. Tens of thousands of women pass on die this year from lung genus Cancer, which has shot past breast cancer as the hint cause of cancer death among women. Almost 90% of these lung cancer deaths pull up stakes be due to smoking. ACS, March 2001, Women and SmokingWhen the mother smokes, so does the baby. Smokers take in poisons such as nicotine and atomic consequence 6 monoxide (the same gas that comes out of a cars exhaust pipe). These poisons get into the placenta, which is the tissue that connects the mother and the baby before it is born. These poisons keep theunborn baby from acquiring the food and oxygen needed to grow. Partnerships for a Tobacco- let off Maine, 2010, Parent smoking among pregnant women.New studies show that i f a womans partner smokes near her during her pregnancy, on that point are added risks. It is best for the mother, baby, and entire family to quit tobacco. If family and friends continue to smoke the pregnant mother should ask them not to smoke near her. Lungs UK, 2010 Mothers smoking among pregnant women.Due to smoking habits among pregnant women, about 4000 fatal deaths lapse every year. It similarly includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women overly leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is withal another good reason why women who are pregnant should find giving up. Heath Express, December 5 2008, smoking and pre-eclampsia.Women who smoke greatly enlarge their risk of snapper ailment (the confidential information killer among women) and stroke. Risk goes up with the figure of cigarettes smoked and the length o f time a woman has been smoking. Even though most of the women who die of heart disease are past menopause, smoking increases the risk more in younger women than in old women. ACS, March 2001, Women and Smoking.Heart disease and diseases of the blood vessels (cardiovascular disease) are more common in women who smoke than in those who dont. investigate indicates that women who smoke and also use hormonal contraceptives nurture a particularly high risk of developing heart disease or blood clots that can lead to stroke. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy.Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in UK. One out of 5 smokers, chase a gruelling history of lung diseases including pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis and COPD with in conclusion die from cancer associated with smoking. Champix 2008, mark smoking and champix.Smoking also increases the risk of many other types of cancer other than lung cancer, including cancers of the throat, mouth, pancreas, kidney, bladder, breast, and cervix. Heart Attacks, individuals that smoke are six multiplication more likely to experience a heart attack when compared to individuals that choose not to smoke. Powell. J, drug Abuse (Emotional Health forces 2007) foliate 27.Smoking also promotes the maturement free radicals which are highly unstable molecules that cause disease and damage to cell DNA. The cells of your body start behaving erratically producing a start out of responses that make your skin age faster. BBC News,Thursday, 28 December, 2006, Cigarettes Smoking effects.If you smoke more than a 1/2 pack of cigarette per day for over six months you obligate a one in triplet chance that you impart not complete to previous levels in the bedroom, inability to perform, inability to a achieve, inability to maintain an erection. Lamb. K, Health Issue 2001, Cigarettes smoking.Research carried out by Oxford University estimated that smoking cost the NHS in the UK 5.2 one mill ion million in 2005/06, approximately 5.5% of total healthcare costs4. This updates the estimated cost of between 1.4 and 1.5 billion a year, estimated by research carried out by the Oxford University. Statistics, Health, 2001, Smoking Related Behaviour & Attitudes.In 2008, it is estimated that almost one in five deaths in England of people over 35 years of age were due to smoking. everywhere a third of all deaths from respiratory diseases and almost three in ten of all deaths from cancers in this population are estimated to be caused by smoking. A high proportion of smoking attributed deaths were seen for men compared to women. Oxford Journal, 2008, script 105, Number 41, Cancer Risk for Smoker.Dr Miriam Stoppard verbalise motherliness can be a particularly difficult time to stop smoking and rather than stigmatising these women, we should be channelize them to their local NHS Stop Smoking Service for expert advice and support. BBC News, Wednesday, 4 February 2009, Health, pregnant smokers fear criticism.The total modus operandi of successful quitters delivered by NHS Stop Smoking Services between 2003/04 and 2005/06 was 832,700. The Department of Health Priorities and Planning Framework (PPF) target of 800,000 successful quitters over this period was achieved.- NHS, Information Centre, September 28, 2006, Statistics on NHS Stop Smoking Services.The number of women who smoke has been falling steadily in recent years. No one can deny that quitting smoking it is a difficult process. Even so, many women give up smoking for good during pregnancy. eHealth MD, 2000, smoking, alcohol, and pregnancy.Women who give up smoking early in pregnancy and who receive encouragement from their partners and from midwives are most likely to be successful in becoming permanent non-smokers. BBC News, 2007, Health issue, smoking, and pregnancy.The Smoking and Health (ASH) and the British Medical connector (BMA) estimate that up to 120,000 men over 30 years old obtain fro m impotence as a disconfirming effect of smoking. This figure is likely to be very conservative, because it does not include impotence due to previous smoking in men who no longer smoke. dominance of the national statistics 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking.The proportion of adults who smoked cigarettes fell substantially in the seventies and the early 1980s from 45 per cent in 1974 to 35 per cent in 1982. After 1982 it declined gradually until the early 1990s, levelling out during the 1990s. It past fell smoothly from 28 per cent in 1998/99 to 24 per cent in 2005. Office of the national statistics 25 April 2010, cigarettes smoking.ObjectiveThe objective of this research project is to test the hypothesis that, Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women. With the use of primary and secondary research to test the supra mentioned hypothesis, there go away be an dialect on relevant literature such as journals, studies, surveys and st atistics, both independent and governmental. In addition to this literature, the projects questionnaire will add another dimension to the research giving it more essence and qualification it more satisfactory. The outcome of the project is to have basic knowledge and awareness of the risk of tobacco smoking to pregnant women who smokes and also the dangerous effect to the unborn babies. systemThe research project shall engross both primary and secondary research and then evaluate both sources and produce a conclusion of results.The primary research will consist of a questionnaire, the unexpended unidentified is to protect the identity of the participants. Consequently, making them feel comfortable so that their answers will be as frank as possible. When all the gathered information is collected, comparisons can be made to determine my hypothesis. Tobacco smoking is adversely affecting the health of unborn babies among pregnant women on.There will only be a small sample of questio nnaires to process the results. Therefore, it will not be a true objurgation of society and its trends. The results from the survey will not have any significance on a national level, although, the participants do come from verity backgrounds and a meander of nationalities.The study for secondary research will be produced from pertinent literature that will be reviewed and documented, the use of applicable radio and tv programs and appropriate web sites. By employ these informative mediums a deeper netherstanding and better(p) insight into this much argued topic will be gained.In the process of carrying out this research, a lot of issues were put into favor especially the ethnicity and nationality of respondents.ResultsThe primary research consisted of the 15 questionnaires being distributed, 12 smoking pregnant women responded showing their ages to range from 18 to 40 years and 8 another non smoking pregnant women responded also showing their ages to range form 18 40 years. The survey report presents the finding of research into young women excessive drinking in Barking and Dagenham. In recent years there has been arise concern about the prevalence of smokers behaviour, especially among pregnant women.Smoking among pregnant women has also increases the risk of many other types of diseases that have led to the death of their babies. Smoking habits among pregnant women is intolerable, about 4000 fatal deaths occur every year. It also includes miscarriages. Smoking among pregnant women also leads to premature births, low birth weight, cot death and asthma. In addition smoking is also associated with learning difficulties among children whose mothers smoke during pregnancy, which is yet another good reason why women who are pregnant should consider giving up.picEvaluationThe structure of the questionnaire was to establish where and how pregnant women indulge in tobacco smoking, workaday intake of tobacco, consequences of tobacco and the awareness of the affect of tobacco to their unborn babies, and the medical efforts and advice to master frequent intake of tobacco among pregnant women.The research shows that majority of pregnant women goes into smoking because of motley reasons. My research shows that pregnant women smoke to be sociable with their friends, boredom, stress, relaxation, parent modulate and also family twist.According to the result of my research, lux percent agreed that they were suffering from the side effect of smoking tobacco. Majority of them complained of various illness and side effect of tobacco such as constant headache, coughing, hoarseness of breath, wheezing, coughing mucus or blood, ironic and wet cough, fever, chest discomfort, foetal development problems, and brain damage and other loathly complication to unborn child, according to pregnant women.The research also shows that the respondents who filled out my questionnaire agreed that they have loss their near ones through tobacco smoking all b y asthma, cancer, coronary artery disease, heart disease, stroke, lungs disease, complication during pregnancy and many other diseases resulting from tobacco smoking.The hypothesis has been proven through this evidence produced in the primary and secondary research that tobacco smoking is unavoidable, and it will be extremely difficult to whitlow it in the society. The only possible result to this problem is to continue to make universal publication about the severe influence and the harms it can cause to their foetus and the unborn babies.Figure1Age Range that Smoke during pregnancyFigure 2Tobacco usance during PregnancyFigure 3Ranges of Smoking and Non Smoking during PregnancyFigure 4Reasons for SmokingFigure 5 absolute frequency of Smoking during PregnancyFigure 6Types of Tobacco Smoking by large(predicate) WomenBibliographyLiteratureFirth. L, 2001, Smoking Problem, Volume 43, metalworker University, Published The Independence Royston. A, Tobacco fall upon to Say No Oxford, publisher Heinemann library Lamb. K, Tobacco Smoking Health Issue 2001, London, Publisher White ThomsonWechsler. H, PhD and Wuethrich. B, 2002, Addicted to Smoking Tackling the Diseases Published by World contain USA. Plant. M, and Plant. M, 2006, Smoking in Britain Drugs and the National Response, Publisher Oxford University Press. Dr, Mapstone. 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